Current management of pulmonary relapse in Ewing sarcoma: A report from the Pediatric Surgical Oncology Research Collaborative
Writer et al. published a multi-center retrospective study in the Journal of Pediatric Surgery through PeaceSOC in 2024
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PeaceSOC is a network of over 50 centers in North America that work together to improve outcomes in pediatric surgical oncology
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The study examined patients less than 22 years old with initially localized Ewing sarcoma who developed first pulmonary relapse between 2007 and 2020 across 19 different centers
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Among 33 patients studied, about 2/3 had relapse limited to the lungs
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Nearly half of patients with lung-limited relapse had just a solitary pulmonary nodule
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Patients with solitary pulmonary nodule were more likely to undergo metastasectomy and whole lung radiation
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Patients with solitary pulmonary nodule had the highest overall three-year survival at 73%
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Three-year survival for patients with multiple nodules was 40%
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Three-year survival for patients with extrapulmonary disease was 23%
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Solitary pulmonary relapse may represent a biologically more favorable type of recurrence
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Solitary pulmonary relapse is more amenable to achieving meaningful local control
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Metastasectomy plays an important role as part of multimodal therapy for solitary pulmonary relapse in Ewing sarcoma
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Dr. Chiara Oreglio - Best of the Best in Pediatric Surgery 2025
Primary chest wall tumors are a rare entity in pediatric population with Ewing sarcoma being the most common one.
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Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment for primary chest wall tumors, composed of a demolitive phase and a reconstructive phase.
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The material of choice for chest wall reconstruction must encompass features of both stiffness and malleability while being biologically compatible.
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The reconstructive material must be able to physiologically integrate with tissues and cope with the ongoing growing process in pediatric patients.
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The series includes the youngest patient affected by chest wall Ewing sarcoma reported in literature, an 18-month-old female.
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The institution used porcine acellular dermal collagen (Permacol) for chest wall reconstruction.
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Three patients were treated: two males and one female (18 months old at diagnosis).
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The surgical technique aims for 'drum-like tension'—tension strong enough to guarantee internal organ protection while accommodating chest wall growth.
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A latissimus dorsi muscular flap is created, rotated, and fixated over the prosthesis with sparing of the thoracodorsal artery.
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In all patients, at least three ribs were removed in accordance with oncological guidelines.
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In two cases, there was diaphragmatic involvement that was removed and reconstructed with Permacol.
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In one case with a large defect, two Stratos bars (rigid material) were used in addition to Permacol, instead of the usual four bars.
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None of the patients reported any perioperative complications according to the Clavien classification.
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R0 resection was reached in all cases.
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All patients were able to restart chemotherapy within two months from surgery.
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No limitations of movement are reported by any of the patients.
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The youngest case shows no paradoxical chest wall movement at follow-up and is disease-free.
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Permacol mesh presents good adaptability to the growing process with a reduced risk of rejection and infection.
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