Androgen Receptor Localization in Human Oral Mucosa: Implications for Hypospadias Surgery

Abstract

Hypospadias is a congenital defect of the urethra that often requires surgical correction. Oral mucosa (OM) is commonly used as a graft material in adult and pediatric urethroplasties (revised as suggested by Reviewer #3) , but its suitability for pediatric hypospadias surgery remains uncertain. A critical concern is whether OM grafts can grow proportionally with the penis during puberty, a process driven by androgen signaling. This study investigates androgen receptor (AR) localization and responsiveness in adult human OM to provide foundational insights for its potential clinical applications in hypospadias surgery.

Keywords

Hashtags

This article is published on an external journal. Click below to read the full text.