Enhancing transparency in postoperative complication reporting: The Azizoglu–Pederiva complication–classification diagram within the Clavien–Madadi framework

Abstract

To standardize reporting, the Clavien–Dindo classification, introduced in 2004, has become the most widely used system, and has been validated across multiple surgical disciplines [1]. However, its applicability in pediatric surgery is limited, as it was originally designed for adults and incorporates parameters less relevant to children. To address these shortcomings, Madadi et al. introduced the Clavien–Madadi classification, which adapts grading by including organizational errors, stratifying reinterventions by invasiveness, and consolidating organ dysfunction, thereby improving accuracy in pediatric surgical outcome assessment [2,3].

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