Victor Garcia

155 statements · 6 topics · summaries given as host listed separately

Featured statements

▶ Ep 2 · 8:30

there's also the concept of misinformation. Uh, you know, the concept that, let's say Black people have thicker skin, uh, or they can endure pain, uh, or they don't, uh, and so, therefore, they don't require as much pain medication

quote · Hypertension

▶ Ep 25 · 4:19

Those catheters stay in for 5 days. The hospital stay is 2 days. 3rd day, while they're outside, the catheters are pulled out by the family.

quote · Pectus Excavatum

▶ Ep 26 · 3:11

We don't have the long-term data.

quote · Pectus Excavatum

▶ Ep 2 · 30:50

For African-Americans in Greater Cincinnati, depending on what neighborhood you live in, you will have a 20-year life expectancy that is shorter than somebody living in a more affluent neighborhood

epidemiological · Hypertension

▶ Ep 1 · 4:19

With erector spinal catheters, the catheters stay in for 5 days, hospital stay is 2 days, and on the 3rd day while patients are at home, the catheters are pulled out by the family.

clinical · Shortness of Breath On Exertion

▶ Ep 1 · 3:01

Dr. Garcia's concern about cryoanalgesia is the absence of long-term studies and unknown potential for future adverse effects such as chronic neuropathic pain.

opinion · Shortness of Breath On Exertion

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Victor's statements about Hypertension 20 statements

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Social Determinants of Health

▶ Ep 2 · 6:30

quote I would raise the question, um, is bias in and of itself a bad thing? And do we, don't we all have biases ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 7:05

quote to what extent is bias, which to some may be, you know, natural, uh, becomes harmful, and if we act on that bias ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 8:22

quote to what extent then does bias morph into racism? ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 8:30

quote there's also the concept of misinformation. Uh, you know, the concept that, let's say Black people have thicker skin, uh, or they can endure pain, uh, or they don't, uh, and so, therefore, they don't require as much pain medication ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 21:10

epidemiological A healthy African-American woman has a greater likelihood of giving birth to a premature baby even with excellent prenatal care and college education ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 21:40

epidemiological A Black mother with a college education has a higher risk of giving birth to a premature baby than a white woman who has not graduated from high school ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 22:10

epidemiological African-American children and minorities who are poor have lower cognitive abilities as evidenced by educational achievement and economic attainment ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 22:30

epidemiological Black children and adults have higher incidence of cardiovascular disease, strokes, and high blood pressure ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 22:45

epidemiological Black children in these neighborhoods have higher incidences of high blood pressure ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 26:50

epidemiological There is a difference in life expectancy and disparities between Mexicans who come from Mexico to Chicago versus Puerto Ricans and Dominicans who come to New York City ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 27:27

clinical Puerto Ricans and Dominicans are an admixture with African ancestry, and Dr. Garcia's father from Puerto Rico was discriminated against because of his darker complexion rather than being treated as Hispanic or Latino ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 28:10

epidemiological Racism exists in the United Kingdom and has been written about ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 28:20

opinion What is uniquely American is the way slavery has contributed to racism and how long-standing it was before slavery was abolished, with traces of discrimination still visible ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 30:50

epidemiological For African-Americans in Greater Cincinnati, depending on what neighborhood you live in, you will have a 20-year life expectancy that is shorter than somebody living in a more affluent neighborhood ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 31:50

epidemiological The vast majority of African-American children grow up in neighborhoods with conditions like the picture Erica showed (child with junkyard next door) ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 35:55

clinical Toxic environments include exposure to air pollution from traffic and lead poisoning ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 38:20

opinion If we do not solve the challenge of worsening disparities, it will be economically unsustainable and will compound what we see with the next epidemic or pandemic ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 41:10

epidemiological In zip code 45229, chronic absenteeism at Rockdale Academic Elementary School is 39% ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 41:27

epidemiological Despite $68 million a year being spent by nonprofits in zip code 45229 (Cincinnati), not much has changed in economic distress indicators ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 49:05

opinion There are not many low-poverty neighborhoods that will be welcoming to Black people coming in because of inherent biases ↗

Victor's statements about Pectus Carinatum 5 statements

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Pectus - Preoperative Assessment - Radiology and Cardiac Evaluation

▶ Ep 4 · 2:48

quote arguably what is the most painful operation that could be done in a child ↗

▶ Ep 4 · 2:48

clinical Pectus excavatum repair is arguably the most painful operation that could be done in a child. ↗

▶ Ep 4 · 2:48

clinical The Cincinnati Children's approach is selective in identifying patients who will benefit from surgery and emphasizes helping patients and parents deal with pain and discomfort, minimizing workup risks (ionizing radiation), and mitigating chronic pain and substance abuse risk. ↗

▶ Ep 4 · 31:08

guideline Insurance companies require some metric (abnormal pectus index plus evidence of cardiac dysfunction or abnormality) to approve coverage; providing multiple indices (Haller, correction, depression) plus cardiac dysfunction evidence has been effective in reversing denials. ↗

▶ Ep 4 · 42:31

clinical When operating on younger patients, bars need to be shorter (not extending to mid-axillary line) to avoid impeding chest wall growth. ↗

Victor's statements about Pectus Excavatum 91 statements

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Pectus - Preoperative Assessment - Radiology and Cardiac Evaluation

▶ Ep 8 · 2:48

clinical Pectus excavatum repair is arguably the most painful operation that could be done in a child. ↗

▶ Ep 8 · 2:48

quote arguably what is the most painful operation that could be done in a child ↗

▶ Ep 8 · 2:48

clinical Pectus excavatum repair is arguably the most painful operation that could be done in a child. ↗

▶ Ep 8 · 2:48

quote arguably what is the most painful operation that could be done in a child ↗

▶ Ep 8 · 31:08

▶ Ep 8 · 42:03

opinion Dr. Park in Korea, who performs the largest number of pectus repairs worldwide, argues that age 3 and older is safe for repair, and earlier is better. ↗

▶ Ep 8 · 42:31

clinical When operating on younger patients, bars need to be shorter (not extending to mid-axillary line) to avoid impeding chest wall growth. ↗

▶ Ep 8 · 42:31

clinical When operating on younger patients, bars need to be shorter (not extending to mid-axillary line) to avoid impeding chest wall growth. ↗

▶ Ep 8 · 43:01

clinical Overcorrection from excavatum to carinatum can occur if repair is done too early, particularly in patients with connective tissue disorders (reported by Hopkins group). ↗

▶ Ep 8 · 43:35

opinion Dr. Park reports seeing fewer asymmetric pectus patients because he corrects them when they're younger, suggesting early correction may prevent asymmetry development. ↗

Update Course Rewind 2021 - Updates in Pectus

▶ Ep 23 · 10:00

quote I come to this perspective from really an article by Jerome Grootman in the New Yorker, that then led me to a book, which I would argue everybody who's doing innovation in this space ought to read. And that is a expose as far as the abject failure, as far as how really the FDA and the government are monitoring the introduction of medical devices ↗

▶ Ep 23 · 10:40

guideline Medical devices and implants are not required to undergo clinical trials before market introduction, unlike drugs. ↗

▶ Ep 23 · 11:20

quote I remember when Ravage was introduced, and then we were doing it in you know, adolescence, and then we went into smaller children. And then we find ourselves in with acquired thoracic, you know, dystrophy, and asphyxia ↗

▶ Ep 23 · 13:00

quote there are also cases in social media who are talking about the fact that they're on gabapentin. And when is this terrible nerve pain going to disappear? ↗

▶ Ep 23 · 14:10

guideline Cryotherapy devices received FDA approval via 510(k) predicate pathway based on similarity to devices from 1976, not based on clinical trials. ↗

▶ Ep 23 · 17:00

quote I challenge anybody on this panel to tell me that they're not long term consequences. And what are we going to do about that? ↗

▶ Ep 23 · 28:20

clinical With erector spinae catheters, hospital stay is two days with reduced opioid requirements both in-hospital and post-discharge. ↗

APSA - Is same day discharge possible following the Nuss repair for pectus excavatum - R. Luke Rettig

▶ Ep 24 · 4:37

quote I wanna begin with the question, uh, just because it can be done, uh, should it be done? ↗

▶ Ep 24 · 4:37

quote I wanna begin with the question, uh, just because it can be done, uh, should it be done? ↗

▶ Ep 24 · 4:42

quote I personally don't feel that cryoablation is ready for prime time. ↗

▶ Ep 24 · 4:42

quote I personally don't feel that cryoablation is ready for prime time. ↗

▶ Ep 24 · 4:48

quote We really don't know what the long-term consequences of this. ↗

▶ Ep 24 · 4:48

quote We really don't know what the long-term consequences of this. ↗

▶ Ep 24 · 4:53

opinion Medical devices typically are not subjected to the same rigorous, robust trials that drugs are ↗

▶ Ep 24 · 4:53

opinion Medical devices typically are not subjected to the same rigorous, robust trials that drugs are ↗

▶ Ep 24 · 5:24

opinion Many adverse consequences for medical devices are either underreported or not reported, as suggested by Kaiser Health News ↗

▶ Ep 24 · 5:24

opinion Many adverse consequences for medical devices are either underreported or not reported, as suggested by Kaiser Health News ↗

▶ Ep 24 · 5:41

opinion The long-term consequences of cryoablation are unknown, particularly for children ↗

▶ Ep 24 · 5:41

opinion The long-term consequences of cryoablation are unknown, particularly for children ↗

▶ Ep 24 · 5:52

opinion There is concern about chronic neuropathic pain as a potential consequence of cryoablation ↗

▶ Ep 24 · 5:52

opinion There is concern about chronic neuropathic pain as a potential consequence of cryoablation ↗

▶ Ep 24 · 6:24

quote I'm arguing for a trial, randomized controlled trial, as well as a registry so that we can track right Doctor Red results. ↗

▶ Ep 24 · 6:24

quote I'm arguing for a trial, randomized controlled trial, as well as a registry so that we can track right Doctor Red results. ↗

Update Course Rewind: Pectus Excavatum 2021

▶ Ep 25 · 3:01

opinion Dr. Garcia's concern about cryoanalgesia is the absence of long-term studies and unknown potential for future adverse effects such as chronic neuropathic pain. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 3:01

opinion Dr. Garcia's concern about cryoanalgesia is the absence of long-term studies and unknown potential for future adverse effects such as chronic neuropathic pain. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 3:01

quote I agree with Sean. It works. I mean, it is great, one day. Yeah, no. So, um, what I'm concerned about is, is that there are no long-term studies. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 3:01

quote I agree with Sean. It works. I mean, it is great, one day. Yeah, no. So, um, what I'm concerned about is, is that there are no long-term studies. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 3:09

quote But I believe we just don't know. We don't have the long-term data. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 3:09

quote But I believe we just don't know. We don't have the long-term data. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 3:24

guideline Unlike drugs, medical devices and implants are not required to undergo clinical trials before being introduced to the market by the FDA. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 3:24

guideline Unlike drugs, medical devices and implants are not required to undergo clinical trials before being introduced to the market by the FDA. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 3:24

quote You know, unlike drugs, medical devices and implants are not, are not required to undergo clinical trials before they're introduced into the market. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 3:24

quote You know, unlike drugs, medical devices and implants are not, are not required to undergo clinical trials before they're introduced into the market. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 3:55

clinical Dr. Garcia's institution studied approximately 100 patients comparing epidurals to erector spinal catheters for pectus excavatum pain management. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 3:55

clinical Dr. Garcia's institution studied approximately 100 patients comparing epidurals to erector spinal catheters for pectus excavatum pain management. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 4:08

clinical Erector spinal catheters are placed by the pain team with ultrasound guidance and are positioned juxtaposed to but not in the vertebral space. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 4:08

clinical Erector spinal catheters are placed by the pain team with ultrasound guidance and are positioned juxtaposed to but not in the vertebral space. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 4:19

clinical With erector spinal catheters, the catheters stay in for 5 days, hospital stay is 2 days, and on the 3rd day while patients are at home, the catheters are pulled out by the family. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 4:19

quote Those catheters stay in for 5 days. The hospital stay is 2 days. 3rd day, while they're outside, the catheters are pulled out by the family. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 4:19

quote Those catheters stay in for 5 days. The hospital stay is 2 days. 3rd day, while they're outside, the catheters are pulled out by the family. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 4:19

clinical With erector spinal catheters, the catheters stay in for 5 days, hospital stay is 2 days, and on the 3rd day while patients are at home, the catheters are pulled out by the family. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 4:31

clinical Dr. Garcia's institution achieved 2-day hospital stays with erector spinal catheters and reduced opioid requirements both in-hospital and at home. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 4:31

clinical Dr. Garcia's institution achieved 2-day hospital stays with erector spinal catheters and reduced opioid requirements both in-hospital and at home. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 4:45

clinical Erector spinal catheters achieve shorter stays than the 4-5 days seen with epidurals, though not the one-day stays achieved with cryoanalgesia. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 4:45

clinical Erector spinal catheters achieve shorter stays than the 4-5 days seen with epidurals, though not the one-day stays achieved with cryoanalgesia. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 8:08

clinical Dr. Wolon uses a sternal elevator for pectus excavatum repair at Akron Children's Hospital. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 8:35

quote Steve, we use the um elevator in every case, uh, but it offers, uh, there's no guesswork. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 8:35

clinical Dr. Garcia uses the sternal elevator in every case because it eliminates guesswork and allows entry and exit at the same interspace. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 8:35

quote Steve, we use the um elevator in every case, uh, but it offers, uh, there's no guesswork. ↗

▶ Ep 25 · 8:35

clinical Dr. Garcia uses the sternal elevator in every case because it eliminates guesswork and allows entry and exit at the same interspace. ↗

Update Course Rewind: Pectus Excavatum 2021

▶ Ep 26 · 3:01

quote I agree with Sean. It works. I mean, it is great, one day. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 3:01

quote I agree with Sean. It works. I mean, it is great, one day. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 3:04

clinical There are no long-term studies on cryoanalgesia outcomes. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 3:04

clinical There are no long-term studies on cryoanalgesia outcomes. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 3:04

quote What I'm concerned about is, is that there are no long-term studies. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 3:04

quote What I'm concerned about is, is that there are no long-term studies. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 3:11

quote We don't have the long-term data. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 3:11

quote We don't have the long-term data. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 3:24

quote Unlike drugs, medical devices and implants are not, are not required to undergo clinical trials before they're introduced into the market. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 3:24

guideline Medical devices and implants are not required to undergo clinical trials before being introduced to market, unlike drugs. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 3:24

guideline Medical devices and implants are not required to undergo clinical trials before being introduced to market, unlike drugs. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 3:24

quote Unlike drugs, medical devices and implants are not, are not required to undergo clinical trials before they're introduced into the market. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 4:09

clinical Erector spinal catheters are placed by the pain team with ultrasound guidance, positioned juxtaposed to but not in the vertebral space. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 4:09

clinical Erector spinal catheters are placed by the pain team with ultrasound guidance, positioned juxtaposed to but not in the vertebral space. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 4:19

clinical With erector spinal catheters, hospital stay is 2 days, catheters stay in for 5 days, and are pulled out by the family on day 3 while the patient is at home. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 4:19

clinical With erector spinal catheters, hospital stay is 2 days, catheters stay in for 5 days, and are pulled out by the family on day 3 while the patient is at home. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 4:19

quote Those catheters stay in for 5 days. The hospital stay is 2 days. 3rd day, while they're outside, the catheters are pulled out by the family. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 4:19

quote Those catheters stay in for 5 days. The hospital stay is 2 days. 3rd day, while they're outside, the catheters are pulled out by the family. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 4:33

quote We've been able to reduce the opioid requirements, uh, not only in the hospital, but also outside of the hospital. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 4:33

clinical Erector spinal catheters reduced opioid requirements both in the hospital and outside the hospital. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 4:33

quote We've been able to reduce the opioid requirements, uh, not only in the hospital, but also outside of the hospital. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 4:33

clinical Erector spinal catheters reduced opioid requirements both in the hospital and outside the hospital. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 4:45

clinical With erector spinal catheters, hospital stays are 2 days, which is much less than the 4-5 days seen with epidurals. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 4:45

clinical With erector spinal catheters, hospital stays are 2 days, which is much less than the 4-5 days seen with epidurals. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 8:35

quote Steve, we use the um elevator in every case, uh, but it offers, uh, there's no guesswork. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 8:35

quote Steve, we use the um elevator in every case, uh, but it offers, uh, there's no guesswork. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 8:35

clinical Using a sternal elevator in every case eliminates guesswork and allows entry and exit at the same interspace. ↗

▶ Ep 26 · 8:35

clinical Using a sternal elevator in every case eliminates guesswork and allows entry and exit at the same interspace. ↗

Victor's statements about Shortness of Breath On Exertion 27 statements

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Update Course Rewind: Pectus Excavatum 2021

▶ Ep 1 · 3:01

quote I agree with Sean. It works. I mean, it is great, one day. Yeah, no. So, um, what I'm concerned about is, is that there are no long-term studies. ↗

▶ Ep 1 · 3:01

opinion Dr. Garcia's concern about cryoanalgesia is the absence of long-term studies and unknown potential for future adverse effects such as chronic neuropathic pain. ↗

▶ Ep 1 · 3:09

quote But I believe we just don't know. We don't have the long-term data. ↗

▶ Ep 1 · 3:24

quote You know, unlike drugs, medical devices and implants are not, are not required to undergo clinical trials before they're introduced into the market. ↗

▶ Ep 1 · 3:24

guideline Unlike drugs, medical devices and implants are not required to undergo clinical trials before being introduced to the market by the FDA. ↗

▶ Ep 1 · 3:55

clinical Dr. Garcia's institution studied approximately 100 patients comparing epidurals to erector spinal catheters for pectus excavatum pain management. ↗

▶ Ep 1 · 4:08

clinical Erector spinal catheters are placed by the pain team with ultrasound guidance and are positioned juxtaposed to but not in the vertebral space. ↗

▶ Ep 1 · 4:19

clinical With erector spinal catheters, the catheters stay in for 5 days, hospital stay is 2 days, and on the 3rd day while patients are at home, the catheters are pulled out by the family. ↗

▶ Ep 1 · 4:19

quote Those catheters stay in for 5 days. The hospital stay is 2 days. 3rd day, while they're outside, the catheters are pulled out by the family. ↗

▶ Ep 1 · 4:31

clinical Dr. Garcia's institution achieved 2-day hospital stays with erector spinal catheters and reduced opioid requirements both in-hospital and at home. ↗

▶ Ep 1 · 4:45

clinical Erector spinal catheters achieve shorter stays than the 4-5 days seen with epidurals, though not the one-day stays achieved with cryoanalgesia. ↗

▶ Ep 1 · 8:35

clinical Dr. Garcia uses the sternal elevator in every case because it eliminates guesswork and allows entry and exit at the same interspace. ↗

▶ Ep 1 · 8:35

quote Steve, we use the um elevator in every case, uh, but it offers, uh, there's no guesswork. ↗

Update Course Rewind: Pectus Excavatum 2021

▶ Ep 2 · 3:01

quote I agree with Sean. It works. I mean, it is great, one day. ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 3:04

clinical There are no long-term studies on cryoanalgesia outcomes. ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 3:04

quote What I'm concerned about is, is that there are no long-term studies. ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 3:11

quote We don't have the long-term data. ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 3:24

quote Unlike drugs, medical devices and implants are not, are not required to undergo clinical trials before they're introduced into the market. ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 3:24

guideline Medical devices and implants are not required to undergo clinical trials before being introduced to market, unlike drugs. ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 4:09

clinical Erector spinal catheters are placed by the pain team with ultrasound guidance, positioned juxtaposed to but not in the vertebral space. ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 4:19

clinical With erector spinal catheters, hospital stay is 2 days, catheters stay in for 5 days, and are pulled out by the family on day 3 while the patient is at home. ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 4:19

quote Those catheters stay in for 5 days. The hospital stay is 2 days. 3rd day, while they're outside, the catheters are pulled out by the family. ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 4:33

clinical Erector spinal catheters reduced opioid requirements both in the hospital and outside the hospital. ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 4:33

quote We've been able to reduce the opioid requirements, uh, not only in the hospital, but also outside of the hospital. ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 4:45

clinical With erector spinal catheters, hospital stays are 2 days, which is much less than the 4-5 days seen with epidurals. ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 8:35

quote Steve, we use the um elevator in every case, uh, but it offers, uh, there's no guesswork. ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 8:35

clinical Using a sternal elevator in every case eliminates guesswork and allows entry and exit at the same interspace. ↗

Victor's statements about Spontaneous Pneumothorax 6 statements

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Update Course Rewind 2021 - Updates in Pectus

▶ Ep 8 · 10:00

▶ Ep 8 · 10:40

guideline Medical devices and implants are not required to undergo clinical trials before market introduction, unlike drugs. ↗

▶ Ep 8 · 11:20

▶ Ep 8 · 14:10

guideline Cryotherapy devices received FDA approval via 510(k) predicate pathway based on similarity to devices from 1976, not based on clinical trials. ↗

▶ Ep 8 · 17:00

quote I challenge anybody on this panel to tell me that they're not long term consequences. And what are we going to do about that? ↗

▶ Ep 8 · 28:20

clinical With erector spinae catheters, hospital stay is two days with reduced opioid requirements both in-hospital and post-discharge. ↗

Victor's statements about Spontaneous Pneumothorax 6 statements

Open the Spontaneous Pneumothorax collection →

Update Course Rewind 2021 - Updates in Pectus

▶ Ep 11 · 10:00

▶ Ep 11 · 10:40

guideline Medical devices and implants are not required to undergo clinical trials before market introduction, unlike drugs. ↗

▶ Ep 11 · 11:20

▶ Ep 11 · 14:10

guideline Cryotherapy devices received FDA approval via 510(k) predicate pathway based on similarity to devices from 1976, not based on clinical trials. ↗

▶ Ep 11 · 17:00

quote I challenge anybody on this panel to tell me that they're not long term consequences. And what are we going to do about that? ↗

▶ Ep 11 · 28:20

clinical With erector spinae catheters, hospital stay is two days with reduced opioid requirements both in-hospital and post-discharge. ↗

Summaries Victor gave as host · 19 summaries

Recaps of other experts' statements, not Victor's own clinical position.

Summaries Victor gave as host · Hypertension 9 summaries

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Social Determinants of Health

▶ Ep 2 · 31:20

host summary Victor Garcia summarizing the discussion: According to Rob Sampson's data, the worst urban context in which whites reside is considerably better than the average context of Black communities ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 32:30

host summary Victor Garcia summarizing the discussion: Your zip code is more of a predictor of your life span and quality of life than your genetic makeup, as commonly seen in the literature ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 34:00

host summary Victor Garcia summarizing the discussion: Concentrated poverty by neighborhood impacts every organ system according to neurocognitive scientists and anthropologists ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 34:25

host summary Victor Garcia summarizing the discussion: Poverty affects the prefrontal cortex (causing children not to pay attention in school), hippocampus (impairing memory), and amygdala (making them more likely to fight than flee) ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 35:00

host summary Victor Garcia summarizing the discussion: The incidence of chronic inflammation for parents and children in poverty is significantly higher, helping explain why African-American women have higher prevalence of lupus and autoimmune diseases ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 35:35

host summary Victor Garcia summarizing the discussion: 95% of Black children grow up in concentrated environments that are not only materially deprived but toxic ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 36:39

host summary Victor Garcia summarizing the discussion: According to Raj Chetty's study of 20 million individuals in every urban setting in the United States, if a child born in Cincinnati does not move out of that environment before age 10, there is a steady decline in the likelihood of improving adult outcomes ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 37:46

host summary Victor Garcia summarizing the discussion: It is estimated that 350 million jobs globally are going to disappear with automation and AI ↗

▶ Ep 2 · 48:40

host summary Victor Garcia summarizing the discussion: According to W.E.B. Du Bois in 1899, the issues with minority infants and health are due as a consequence of their economic plight ↗

Summaries Victor gave as host · Pectus Carinatum 3 summaries

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Pectus - Preoperative Assessment - Radiology and Cardiac Evaluation

▶ Ep 4 · 42:03

host summary Victor Garcia summarizing the discussion: Dr. Park in Korea, who performs the largest number of pectus repairs worldwide, argues that age 3 and older is safe for repair, and earlier is better. ↗

▶ Ep 4 · 43:01

host summary Victor Garcia summarizing the discussion: Overcorrection from excavatum to carinatum can occur if repair is done too early, particularly in patients with connective tissue disorders (reported by Hopkins group). ↗

▶ Ep 4 · 43:35

host summary Victor Garcia summarizing the discussion: Dr. Park reports seeing fewer asymmetric pectus patients because he corrects them when they're younger, suggesting early correction may prevent asymmetry development. ↗

Summaries Victor gave as host · Pectus Excavatum 4 summaries

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Pectus - Preoperative Assessment - Radiology and Cardiac Evaluation

▶ Ep 8 · 42:03

▶ Ep 8 · 43:01

▶ Ep 8 · 43:35

Update Course Rewind: Pectus Excavatum 2021

▶ Ep 25 · 8:08

host summary Victor Garcia summarizing the discussion: Dr. Wolon uses a sternal elevator for pectus excavatum repair at Akron Children's Hospital. ↗

Summaries Victor gave as host · Shortness of Breath On Exertion 1 summary

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Update Course Rewind: Pectus Excavatum 2021

▶ Ep 1 · 8:08

host summary Victor Garcia summarizing the discussion: Dr. Wolon uses a sternal elevator for pectus excavatum repair at Akron Children's Hospital. ↗

Summaries Victor gave as host · Spontaneous Pneumothorax 1 summary

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Update Course Rewind 2021 - Updates in Pectus

▶ Ep 8 · 13:00

host summary Victor Garcia summarizing the discussion: there are also cases in social media who are talking about the fact that they're on gabapentin. And when is this terrible nerve pain going to disappear? ↗

Summaries Victor gave as host · Spontaneous Pneumothorax 1 summary

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Update Course Rewind 2021 - Updates in Pectus

▶ Ep 11 · 13:00