# Complicated Appendicitis — GCMD Library living collection

Everything in the library about complicated appendicitis — built automatically from dossiers that name it.

Updated: n/a · 4 episodes · 19 cited statements

## Episodes
### Evidence & Research
- [Journal of Pediatric Surgery Article Review: March 2022](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354) — video · [machine version](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354.md)
- [Journal of Pediatric Surgery Article Review: March 2022](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5356) — podcast · 10:47 · [machine version](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5356.md)
- [Unanticipated consequences of COVID-19 pandemic policies on pediatric acute appendicitis surgery](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unanticipated-consequences-of-covid-19-pandemic-policies-on-pediatric-acute-appe-6837) — video · [machine version](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unanticipated-consequences-of-covid-19-pandemic-policies-on-pediatric-acute-appe-6837.md)
- [Journal of Pediatric Surgery Article Review: Q1 (Jan-Mar) 2024](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754) — podcast · 13:34 · [machine version](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754.md)

## Chapters
- [0:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354?t=0) Introduction and Laparoscopic versus Open Appendectomy for Complicated Appendicitis (Ep 1)
- [3:49](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354?t=229) Management of Congenital Esophageal Stenosis (Ep 1)
- [7:12](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354?t=432) Expedited Post-operative Protocol for Appendicostomy (Ep 1)
- [0:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5356?t=0) Laparoscopic versus Open Appendectomy for Complicated Appendicitis (Ep 2)
- [4:28](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5356?t=268) Management of Congenital Esophageal Stenosis (Ep 2)
- [7:10](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5356?t=430) Expedited Protocol After Appendicostomy (Ep 2)
- [0:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unanticipated-consequences-of-covid-19-pandemic-policies-on-pediatric-acute-appe-6837?t=0) COVID-19 Impact on Pediatric Appendicitis Presentation and Outcomes (Ep 3)
- [0:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=0) Antibiotic cessation in complicated appendicitis (Ep 4)
- [4:12](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=252) Esophageal atresia management without lengthening procedures (Ep 4)
- [8:28](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=508) Long-term sensory outcomes after cryoablation for pectus repair (Ep 4)
- [12:01](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=721) Summary and conclusions (Ep 4)

## Statements
Every statement is attributed, typed, and timestamped; the link is the citation.
- The appendicitis study compared two cohorts defined by time frame before and after near uniform implementation of stopping antibiotics at discharge. — Scott Short (clinical) [Ep 4 · 2:07](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=127)
- The appendicitis study challenges the tradition of giving antibiotics and possibly too much antibiotics after discharge. — Romeo Ignacio (opinion) [Ep 4 · 3:17](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=197)
- The next step for the appendicitis study is to roll it out to the Western Pediatric Surgery Research Consortium to study it on a broader scale. — Scott Short (clinical) [Ep 4 · 3:55](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=235)
- The esophagus has a great intrinsic blood supply and can be mobilized right down to the diaphragm and right up to the thoracic inlet and will stay alive. — Bruce Jaffray (clinical) [Ep 4 · 6:28](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=388)
- Many cases being put forward for lengthening are because surgeons get cold feet about attempting a primary anastomosis. — Bruce Jaffray (opinion) [Ep 4 · 6:46](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=406)
- The Newcastle series is a pushback series which extols relatively conventional open surgery and begs the question as to what role lengthening procedures have in those with long gaps. — Mark Davenport (opinion) [Ep 4 · 7:32](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=452)
- Unless an experienced surgeon says after maximum mobilization they genuinely can't get the esophagus together, esophageal lengthening is not required. — Bruce Jaffray (opinion) [Ep 4 · 7:56](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=476)
- If esophaguses were being anastomosed with excess tension and repairs were failing, there would be a very high incidence of esophageal replacement, which is not seen in the Newcastle series. — Bruce Jaffray (clinical) [Ep 4 · 8:09](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=489)
- Non-complicated appendicitis is probably already treated by antibiotics in some centers. — Miko Bogannan (clinical) [Ep 2 · 3:40](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5356?t=220)
- If you dilate esophageal stenosis, you have a risk of rupture, which could be catastrophic. (clinical) [Ep 2 · 4:55](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5356?t=295)
- Historically at University of Utah, diet was not initiated following appendicostomy creation until the day after surgery. — Scott Short (clinical) [Ep 2 · 7:46](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5356?t=466)
- Many appendicostomy patients displayed clinical signs that they were ready to initiate diet immediately after surgery. — Scott Short (clinical) [Ep 2 · 7:46](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5356?t=466)
- The meta-analysis findings specifically apply to complicated appendicitis, not non-complicated appendicitis. — Mikko Pekarinen (clinical) [Ep 1 · 2:35](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354?t=155)
- Non-complicated appendicitis is already treated by antibiotics in some centers. — Mikko Pekarinen (clinical) [Ep 1 · 2:56](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354?t=176)
- Dr. Kılıç's team tried balloon dilatation first for every patient with congenital esophageal stenosis, then moved to surgery according to balloon dilatation results. — Gerek Selchuk Kılıç (clinical) [Ep 1 · 5:49](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354?t=349)
- Surgery for congenital esophageal stenosis was indicated in cases of recurring lung infections, growth retardation, and when patients were not healthy enough for the dilatation program. — Gerek Selchuk Kılıç (clinical) [Ep 1 · 5:49](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354?t=349)
- Dr. Pekarinen would be willing to try up to five dilatations before considering operative treatment for congenital esophageal stenosis based on the Turkish study findings. — Mikko Pekarinen (opinion) [Ep 1 · 6:53](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354?t=413)
- The Utah team changed their post-operative protocol because many patients displayed clinical signs they were ready to initiate diet immediately after appendicostomy surgery, whereas historically diet was not initiated until the day after surgery. — Gerek Selchuk Kılıç (clinical) [Ep 1 · 8:02](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354?t=482)
- Dr. Pekarinen's current protocol for appendicostomy is similar to the Utah team's historical protocol, and based on the study, further reduction in hospital stay seems achievable. — Mikko Pekarinen (opinion) [Ep 1 · 9:46](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354?t=586)

## Host summaries
Recaps by a host of what the experts said — not the host's own clinical position.
- The appendicitis study looked at deep space organ infections, length of stay, readmissions, and use of CT scans as outcomes. — Romeo Ignacio summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 2:33](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=153)
- The appendicitis study had 185 patients in the home antibiotic group and 121 patients in the no home antibiotic group. — Cecilia Gigena summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 2:45](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=165)
- There was no significant difference in deep organ space infection requiring intervention between home antibiotic and no home antibiotic groups for complicated appendicitis. — Cecilia Gigena summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 2:55](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=175)
- There was no difference in length of stay between home antibiotic and no home antibiotic groups for complicated appendicitis. — Cecilia Gigena summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 3:03](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=183)
- Secondary outcomes including C. diff infections, superficial site infections, length of stay, post-operative CT imaging, and readmission showed no difference between antibiotic groups. — Romeo Ignacio summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 3:06](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=186)
- The esophageal atresia study is a 25 year experience describing 220 consecutive infants with esophageal atresia in Newcastle. — Mark Davenport summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 4:44](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=284)
- The esophageal atresia study had 215 patients, 13% had complex esophageal atresia, and of those 25 patients survived the repair. — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 5:13](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=313)
- Of the 25 complex esophageal atresia survivors, 14 patients were type A and 11 patients were type C. — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 5:28](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=328)
- Type C esophageal atresia is the most common type and means esophageal atresia with a distal fistula; type A means pure esophageal atresia with no fistula to the trachea. — Cecilia Gigena summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 5:43](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=343)
- Of the 25 complex esophageal atresia patients, 18 had delayed primary anastomosis and 7 had esophageal replacement. — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 6:03](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=363)
- Two of the esophageal replacements were salvage procedures following a failed traction. — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 6:13](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=373)
- Only 4 patients with esophageal atresia were potentially treatable by traction. — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 6:13](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=373)
- In cases where traction techniques had not been attempted, the native esophagus was retained in 80% of cases. — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 6:57](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=417)
- The median time to esophageal continuity in the Newcastle series was 77 days. — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 7:02](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=422)
- Management of complex esophageal atresia without lengthening procedure can result in a similar rate of retention of the native esophagus but with significantly less morbidity. — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 7:12](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=432)
- The pectus study is a prospective cohort study from a single center in Phoenix aiming to quantify long-term hyperesthesia and neuropathic pain after minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum with cryoablation. — Cecilia Gigena summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 8:47](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=527)
- The pectus study selected patients under 21 years of age who presented for bar removal between November 2021 and May 2023. — Cecilia Gigena summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 9:04](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=544)
- Testing for cold and soft touch and pinprick was performed just before bar removal. — Cecilia Gigena summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 9:15](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=555)
- The pectus study enrolled 47 patients with a median bar dwell time of approximately 2.9 years. — Cecilia Gigena summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 9:25](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=565)
- Patients had a median of 2 bars placed, and almost 81% were secured with pericostal sutures. — Cecilia Gigena summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 9:41](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=581)
- Almost half of the pectus patients had some degree of hypoesthesia, with T5 being the most common dermatome affected. — Cecilia Gigena summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 9:51](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=591)
- The area with hypoesthesia was less than 5% of the entire surface that was treated with cryo. — Cecilia Gigena summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 10:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=600)
- Neuropathic symptoms were identified by only 13% of pectus patients, and none required treatment. — Cecilia Gigena summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 10:18](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=618)
- In the long term after minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum with cryo, many patients will experience some chest wall hypoesthesia limited to one or two dermatomes, and chronic symptomatic neuropathic pain is very rare. — Cecilia Gigena summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 10:26](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=626)
- Pericostal sutures used to secure bars can damage nerves. — Cecilia Gigena summarizing the discussion [Ep 4 · 11:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-q1-2024-8754?t=660)
- The meta-analysis included 4 randomized controlled trials and 36 case controlled trials comparing laparoscopic and open appendectomy for complicated appendicitis. — Ellen Encisco summarizing the discussion [Ep 2 · 0:38](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5356?t=38)
- Laparoscopic appendectomy is associated with shorter length of stay, lower rate of surgical site infection, and lower overall complication rate compared to open appendectomy. — Ellen Encisco summarizing the discussion [Ep 2 · 1:30](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5356?t=90)
- Rates of intra-abdominal abscess, post-operative fever, pneumonia, and ileus are similar between laparoscopic and open appendectomy groups. — Ellen Encisco summarizing the discussion [Ep 2 · 1:50](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5356?t=110)
- Open appendectomy has shorter operative time compared to laparoscopic appendectomy. — Ellen Encisco summarizing the discussion [Ep 2 · 2:05](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5356?t=125)
- In Turkey, surgeons prefer open appendectomies in nearly half of children, especially those with lower BMIs. — Ellen Encisco summarizing the discussion [Ep 2 · 2:25](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5356?t=145)
- The Turkish series successfully treated 14 of 19 congenital esophageal stenosis patients with a median of 5 dilatations. — Ellen Encisco summarizing the discussion [Ep 2 · 4:28](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5356?t=268)
- Three congenital esophageal stenosis patients required surgery after dilation attempts. — Ellen Encisco summarizing the discussion [Ep 2 · 4:45](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5356?t=285)
- If esophageal stenosis is cartilaginous, don't try to dilate, just go to resect; if there's no cartilage, then dilate. — The host summarizing the discussion [Ep 2 · 5:10](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5356?t=310)
- The Turkish team tried balloon dilatation for every congenital esophageal stenosis patient first, then moved to surgery based on results. — Ellen Encisco summarizing the discussion [Ep 2 · 5:46](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5356?t=346)
- Surgery was indicated for congenital esophageal stenosis in cases with recurring lung infections, growth retardation, or when patient wasn't healthy enough for dilation program. — Ellen Encisco summarizing the discussion [Ep 2 · 6:05](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5356?t=365)
- Out of 19 congenital esophageal stenosis patients, 16 were successful with balloon dilation, 3 required operation, and overall 17 were symptom-free after 48 months follow-up. — Ellen Encisco summarizing the discussion [Ep 2 · 6:25](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5356?t=385)
- Up to 5 dilatations should be tried before considering operative treatment for congenital esophageal stenosis. — Ellen Encisco summarizing the discussion [Ep 2 · 6:50](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5356?t=410)
- The expedited protocol reduced hospital stay after appendicostomy from 3 days to 1 day without increasing complications or unplanned hospital visits. — Ellen Encisco summarizing the discussion [Ep 2 · 8:11](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5356?t=491)
- Having a protocol and standardization in care management can be beneficial even beyond the specific protocol details. — Ellen Encisco summarizing the discussion [Ep 2 · 9:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5356?t=540)
- A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto comparing pre-pandemic and pandemic periods for acute appendicitis cases. — Cecilia Gigena summarizing a resource [Ep 3 · 0:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unanticipated-consequences-of-covid-19-pandemic-policies-on-pediatric-acute-appe-6837?t=0)
- The study included 1,107 patients total: 491 from the pre-pandemic period and 616 from the pandemic period. — Cecilia Gigena summarizing a resource [Ep 3 · 0:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unanticipated-consequences-of-covid-19-pandemic-policies-on-pediatric-acute-appe-6837?t=0)
- The pandemic period had significantly more complicated appendicitis compared to the pre-pandemic period. — Cecilia Gigena summarizing a resource [Ep 3 · 0:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unanticipated-consequences-of-covid-19-pandemic-policies-on-pediatric-acute-appe-6837?t=0)
- The pandemic period had more readmissions rates compared to the pre-pandemic period. — Cecilia Gigena summarizing a resource [Ep 3 · 0:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unanticipated-consequences-of-covid-19-pandemic-policies-on-pediatric-acute-appe-6837?t=0)
- Patients from the pre-pandemic period were significantly younger than those during the pandemic. — Cecilia Gigena summarizing a resource [Ep 3 · 0:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unanticipated-consequences-of-covid-19-pandemic-policies-on-pediatric-acute-appe-6837?t=0)
- The meta-analysis included four randomized controlled trials and 36 case control trials comparing laparoscopic and open appendectomy for complicated appendicitis. — Ellen summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 0:44](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354?t=44)
- Laparoscopic appendectomy is associated with shorter length of stay, lower rate of surgical site infection, and lower overall complication rate compared to open appendectomy. — Ellen summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 0:44](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354?t=44)
- Rates of intra-abdominal abscess, post-operative fever, pneumonia and ileus are similar between laparoscopic and open appendectomy groups. — Ellen summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 0:44](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354?t=44)
- Open appendectomy has shorter operative time compared to laparoscopic appendectomy. — Ellen summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 0:44](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354?t=44)
- In Turkey, surgeons prefer open appendectomies in nearly half of children, especially those with lower BMIs. — Brittany Levy summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 1:49](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354?t=109)
- The Turkish study included 19 patients with congenital esophageal stenosis, successfully treating 14 with a median of five dilatations. — Ellen summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 3:49](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354?t=229)
- Two patients with congenital esophageal stenosis had residual symptoms and three were operated on later. — Ellen summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 3:49](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354?t=229)
- The most common form of esophageal stenosis is iatrogenic, caused by anastomosis that closes tight and requires dilation. — Ellen summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 3:49](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354?t=229)
- Dilatation of esophageal stenosis carries a risk of rupture, which could be catastrophic. — Ellen summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 4:35](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354?t=275)
- Current management of congenital esophageal stenosis depends on whether there is a cartilaginous or membranous component: if cartilaginous, resect rather than dilate; if membranous, dilate. — Ellen summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 4:35](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354?t=275)
- Out of 19 patients who underwent esophageal balloon dilatations, 16 were successful, three required operation, and overall 17 patients were symptom-free after 48 months of follow-up. — Ellen summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 6:38](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354?t=398)
- The University of Utah study showed reduction in hospital stay from three days to one day after implementation of expedited post-operative protocol for appendicostomy. — Ellen summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 7:12](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354?t=432)
- The expedited protocol did not increase complications or unplanned hospital visits after appendicostomy. — Mikko Pekarinen summarizes what Dr. Michael Rollins said [Ep 1 · 8:23](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/journal-of-pediatric-surgery-article-review-march-2022-5354?t=503)

## Changelog
- Sep 25: 4 items added automatically

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