Update Course 2021: THORACOTOMY VS VATS FOR OSTEO METS
In adult centers, surgeons perform 100 to 300 cholecystectomies per year compared to 10 to 30 per year in pediatric centers
epidemiologicalChiro Esposito3:34 ↗
ICG is a soluble molecule that rapidly binds to albumin and is removed from circulation by the liver into bile juice
clinicalChiro Esposito0:23 ↗
For cholecystectomy, ICG must be injected 12 to 15 hours preoperatively to allow secretion into bile juice for selective biliary tree visualization
clinicalChiro Esposito7:15 ↗
If ICG is injected intraoperatively for cholecystectomy, the liver takes up the dye and appears green, making gallbladder identification difficult
clinicalChiro Esposito7:51 ↗
For all ICG indications except cholecystectomy (kidney, varicocele, lymphoma, tumors), the injection is given intraoperatively
clinicalChiro Esposito7:51 ↗
ICG vial contains 25 mg in 4 ml, diluted with 10 ml sterile water, with 6 ml injected intravenously for cholecystectomy
clinicalChiro Esposito4:40 ↗
For partial nephrectomy in duplex kidney, ICG is injected three times: via ureteral catheter to identify normal ureter, intravenously to visualize kidney vasculature, and intravenously again after vessel clipping to show devascularization line
clinicalChiro Esposito9:34 ↗
In duplex kidney with reflux, the two ureters are attached to each other, making identification of the normal ureter difficult without ICG
clinicalChiro Esposito9:34 ↗
For varicocele repair, intratesticular injection of 2 ml ICG solution allows intraoperative fluorescence lymphography to identify and spare lymphatic vessels
clinicalChiro Esposito17:30 ↗
Palomo varicocele repair has success rate of more than 97-98% but ligating lymphatics in the spermatic bundle causes postoperative hydrocele in about 20% of cases
clinicalChiro Esposito17:30 ↗
In a series of more than 150 varicocele patients using ICG lymphatic sparing technique, there were zero postoperative hydroceles
clinicalChiro Esposito19:10 ↗
The spermatic bundle contains three to four lymphatic vessels
clinicalChiro Esposito17:30 ↗
There is no maximum dose limit for ICG based on adult surgery studies
clinicalChiro Esposito21:53 ↗
ICG vial remains usable for six hours after preparation
clinicalChiro Esposito21:24 ↗
No adverse effects of ICG were observed in the presenter's experience
clinicalChiro Esposito21:24 ↗
ICG technology can be used in both laparoscopy (requiring special camera and optic) and robotic surgery with Da Vinci XI Firefly system
clinicalChiro Esposito1:20 ↗
The newer Rubin ICG system allows visualization in color with biliary tree appearing green, compared to older systems showing black and white images
clinicalChiro Esposito5:40 ↗
For elective cholecystectomy cases, patients are hospitalized the day before surgery for ICG injection in the late afternoon if surgery is scheduled early morning
clinicalChiro Esposito8:42 ↗
ICG technology helps reduce complications in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, particularly beneficial for trainees and in centers with longer learning curves due to lower case volumes
opinionChiro Esposito3:34 ↗
Case-Based Journal Review: Cholelithiasis 2024
Chile has the highest rate of cholelithiasis globally
epidemiologicalJose Campos1:07 ↗
In a multi-center study of 167 early cholecystectomy patients versus 79 delayed, early cholecystectomy had 2% recurrence of pancreatitis compared to 22% in delayed surgery
Host summaryCecilia Gigena summarizes what Dr. Jose Campos said — not the host's own clinical position3:11 ↗
When cholecystectomy was delayed more than 6 weeks after gallstone pancreatitis, recurrence rate increased to 60%
Host summaryCecilia Gigena summarizes what Dr. Jose Campos said — not the host's own clinical position3:36 ↗
Even in patients with no stones remaining, 2% will get recurrent pancreatitis from the initial insult
clinicalTodd Ponsky3:44 ↗
Patients who underwent early cholecystectomy did not have more biliary complications than delayed surgery patients
Host summaryCecilia Gigena summarizes what Dr. Jose Campos said — not the host's own clinical position4:27 ↗
When patients present with gallstone pancreatitis, most pain and elevated enzymes occur as the stone is passing, and symptoms often resolve overnight as the stone passes
clinicalTodd Ponsky5:01 ↗
If laboratory values normalize after gallstone pancreatitis, ERCP is not indicated, but intraoperative cholangiogram should be performed to check for additional stones
clinicalTodd Ponsky5:36 ↗
A Western Pediatric Surgery Research Consortium machine learning algorithm based on 1600 patients from 10 centers (2016-2019) can predict common bile duct stones using nine clinical factors, with 20% of patients having CBD stones
Host summaryEm Gootee summarizes what Dr. Jose Campos said — not the host's own clinical position6:26 ↗
The machine learning algorithm for predicting CBD stones has a negative predictive value of 98%, meaning only 2% chance of missing stones when algorithm predicts low risk
Host summaryJose Campos summarizing a resource — not the host's own clinical position7:11 ↗
The previous algorithm for predicting CBD stones was based on 300-400 patients, compared to 1600 in the new algorithm
Host summaryEm Gootee summarizes what Dr. Jose Campos said — not the host's own clinical position7:33 ↗
For patients with impacted stone, rising lipase, and worsening jaundice, ERCP is preferred because surgeon confidence in retrieving impacted stones intraoperatively is lower
opinionTodd Ponsky8:58 ↗