# Cancer — GCMD Library living collection

Everything in the library about cancer — built automatically from dossiers that name it.

Updated: n/a · 13 episodes · 146 cited statements

## Episodes
### Fundamentals
- [Unconscious Bias](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300) — podcast · 58:27 · [machine version](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300.md)
- [ACS Icons in Surgery | Jeffrey L. Ponsky, MD, FACS](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/acs-icons-in-surgery-jeffrey-l-ponsky-md-facs-13682) — video · 20:00 · [machine version](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/acs-icons-in-surgery-jeffrey-l-ponsky-md-facs-13682.md)

### Evidence & Research
- [JPS Journal Club: June 2019](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/jps-journal-club-june-2019-1541) — video · [machine version](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/jps-journal-club-june-2019-1541.md)
- [Best of the Best Gen Surg - Limited Health Literacy is Associated with Reduced Adherence to ERP Components. - Dr. Shao](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/best-of-the-best-gen-surg-limited-health-literacy-is-associated-with-reduced-adh-5860) — video · 9:23 · [machine version](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/best-of-the-best-gen-surg-limited-health-literacy-is-associated-with-reduced-adh-5860.md)
- [Female Fertility Cryopreservation Outcomes in Childhood Cancer: A Systematic Review](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/female-fertility-cryopreservation-outcomes-in-childhood-cancer-a-systematic-revi-8647) — video · 0:59 · [machine version](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/female-fertility-cryopreservation-outcomes-in-childhood-cancer-a-systematic-revi-8647.md)
- [Female Fertility Cryopreservation Outcomes in Childhood Cancer: A Systematic Review](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/female-fertility-cryopreservation-outcomes-in-childhood-cancer-a-systematic-revi-9521) — video · 0:56 · [machine version](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/female-fertility-cryopreservation-outcomes-in-childhood-cancer-a-systematic-revi-9521.md)

### Emerging & Future Directions
- [Machine Learning Applications in Healthcare - Transforming Healthcare, Episode 8, Part 2](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/machine-learning-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-8-pa-5873) — video · [machine version](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/machine-learning-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-8-pa-5873.md)
- [Disruptive AI technologies transforming healthcare and medical education](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265) — video · 34:52 · [machine version](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265.md)
- [Dr. Timothy B. Lautz - Best of the Best in Pediatric Surgery 2025](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-timothy-b-lautz-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10043) — video · 10:39 · [machine version](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-timothy-b-lautz-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10043.md)
- [Dr. Ramy Shaaban - Best of the Best in Pediatric Surgery 2025](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-ramy-shaaban-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10052) — video · 9:23 · [machine version](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-ramy-shaaban-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10052.md)

### Patient & Family Education
- [Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Fertility Preservation: Pediatric...](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901) — video · 32:54 · [machine version](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901.md)
- [Off the grid: how I got off the grid & you can too | Lee Ponsky | TEDxCLE](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/off-the-grid-how-i-got-off-the-grid-you-can-too-lee-ponsky-tedxcle-13653) — video · 20:01 · [machine version](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/off-the-grid-how-i-got-off-the-grid-you-can-too-lee-ponsky-tedxcle-13653.md)

### Long-Term Care
- [Keys to Building a Successful Interdisciplinary Program-Creating the...](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903) — video · 10:12 · [machine version](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903.md)

## Chapters
- [0:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=0) Ethics of Fertility Preservation: Social Context and Gendered Dimensions (Ep 1)
- [10:40](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=640) Ethics in Practice: Clinical and Research Considerations (Ep 1)
- [20:41](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=1241) Justice Implications and Institutional Models (Ep 1)
- [27:11](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=1631) Audience Poll Results and Oocyte Cryopreservation Debate (Ep 1)
- [0:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=0) Introduction to Interdisciplinary Program Building Session (Ep 2)
- [0:22](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=22) Team Composition and Multidisciplinary Collaboration (Ep 2)
- [3:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=180) Consultation Workflow and Risk Assessment Process (Ep 2)
- [6:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=360) Standardization and Patient Decision Support Tools (Ep 2)
- [8:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=480) Educational Video and Program Website (Ep 2)
- [0:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=0) Introduction and Context: Recognizing Unconscious Bias in Panel Selection (Ep 4)
- [4:03](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=243) Defining Implicit Bias and Personal Experiences (Ep 4)
- [10:05](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=605) Implicit Bias in Clinical Decision-Making: A Case Study (Ep 4)
- [16:52](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=1012) Social Identity, Microaggressions, and the 'Water' Analogy (Ep 4)
- [21:36](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=1296) Strategies for Diversifying Panels and Teams (Ep 4)
- [27:28](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=1648) Responding to Test Results: Shame, Appreciative Inquiry, and White Fragility (Ep 4)
- [37:43](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=2263) Research-Proven Bias Reduction Strategies (Ep 4)
- [47:53](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=2873) High-Risk Situations and the Conscious Mind's Power (Ep 4)
- [53:47](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=3227) Advice for Trainees and the Path Forward (Ep 4)
- [0:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/jps-journal-club-june-2019-1541?t=0) Enhanced Recovery Protocols and Opioid Reduction (Ep 3)
- [1:10](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/jps-journal-club-june-2019-1541?t=70) Surgeon Volume and Outcomes in Pediatric Thyroidectomy (Ep 3)
- [2:17](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/jps-journal-club-june-2019-1541?t=137) Single Visit Surgery Financial Viability (Ep 3)
- [3:34](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/jps-journal-club-june-2019-1541?t=214) Summary and Recap (Ep 3)
- [0:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/best-of-the-best-gen-surg-limited-health-literacy-is-associated-with-reduced-adh-5860?t=0) Introduction to health literacy and ERP adherence study (Ep 5)
- [0:24](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/best-of-the-best-gen-surg-limited-health-literacy-is-associated-with-reduced-adh-5860?t=24) Study presentation: health literacy, ERP adherence, and outcomes (Ep 5)
- [5:12](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/best-of-the-best-gen-surg-limited-health-literacy-is-associated-with-reduced-adh-5860?t=312) Discussion of practical implementation challenges and solutions (Ep 5)
- [9:14](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/best-of-the-best-gen-surg-limited-health-literacy-is-associated-with-reduced-adh-5860?t=554) Closing remarks (Ep 5)
- [0:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/machine-learning-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-8-pa-5873?t=0) Introduction to Machine Learning Applications in Healthcare (Ep 6)
- [1:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/machine-learning-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-8-pa-5873?t=60) Disease Identification and Diagnosis Applications (Ep 6)
- [3:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/machine-learning-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-8-pa-5873?t=180) Drug Discovery and Development (Ep 6)
- [4:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/machine-learning-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-8-pa-5873?t=240) Personalized Medicine and Treatment Optimization (Ep 6)
- [0:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=0) Introduction and Speaker Backgrounds (Ep 7)
- [4:05](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=245) Artificial Intelligence Fundamentals and Healthcare Applications (Ep 7)
- [7:38](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=458) DeepMind AlphaFold and Drug Discovery (Ep 7)
- [9:45](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=585) Machine Learning in Healthcare (Ep 7)
- [13:09](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=789) Large Language Models and Generative AI (Ep 7)
- [17:40](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=1060) Practical ChatGPT Applications and Demonstrations (Ep 7)
- [24:58](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=1498) Ethics, Privacy Concerns, and Future Directions (Ep 7)
- [0:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/female-fertility-cryopreservation-outcomes-in-childhood-cancer-a-systematic-revi-8647?t=0) Fertility Preservation Outcomes in Pediatric Female Cancer Patients (Ep 8)
- [0:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/female-fertility-cryopreservation-outcomes-in-childhood-cancer-a-systematic-revi-9521?t=0) Systematic Review of Female Fertility Cryopreservation Outcomes (Ep 9)
- [0:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-timothy-b-lautz-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10043?t=0) Introduction of Rami Shaban and presentation topic (Ep 10)

## Statements
Every statement is attributed, typed, and timestamped; the link is the citation.
- Gillippelli et al. performed a systematic retrospective review of female fertility cryopreservation outcomes in children with cancer — Alex Halpern (clinical) [Ep 9 · 0:13](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/female-fertility-cryopreservation-outcomes-in-childhood-cancer-a-systematic-revi-9521?t=13)
- The review initially examined 104 abstracts and 34 full text articles — Alex Halpern (clinical) [Ep 9 · 0:19](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/female-fertility-cryopreservation-outcomes-in-childhood-cancer-a-systematic-revi-9521?t=19)
- 12 studies were included in the final systematic review — Alex Halpern (clinical) [Ep 9 · 0:19](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/female-fertility-cryopreservation-outcomes-in-childhood-cancer-a-systematic-revi-9521?t=19)
- Ovarian tissue cryopreservation was performed in 501 patients across the included studies — Alex Halpern (epidemiological) [Ep 9 · 0:27](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/female-fertility-cryopreservation-outcomes-in-childhood-cancer-a-systematic-revi-9521?t=27)
- 5.9% of patients who underwent ovarian tissue cryopreservation later received ovarian tissue transplantation — Alex Halpern (epidemiological) [Ep 9 · 0:27](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/female-fertility-cryopreservation-outcomes-in-childhood-cancer-a-systematic-revi-9521?t=27)
- 33% of patients who underwent ovarian tissue transplantation were able to become pregnant — Alex Halpern (clinical) [Ep 9 · 0:38](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/female-fertility-cryopreservation-outcomes-in-childhood-cancer-a-systematic-revi-9521?t=38)
- Ovarian tissue cryopreservation has great advantages for pediatric cancer patients but needs to be studied further — Alex Halpern (opinion) [Ep 9 · 0:44](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/female-fertility-cryopreservation-outcomes-in-childhood-cancer-a-systematic-revi-9521?t=44)
- The first live birth with in vitro fertilization was in 1978, approaching 40 years ago at the time of this discussion. — McGowan (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 1:30](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=90)
- The field of bioethics emerged in the post-Nuremberg era and gained footing in the 1960s and 1970s, founded by philosophers and theologians grappling with new technologies including transplantation, life support, and assisted reproduction. — McGowan (clinical) [Ep 1 · 1:45](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=105)
- Some religious traditions, particularly Catholicism, are opposed to any form of assisted reproduction. — McGowan (clinical) [Ep 1 · 3:40](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=220)
- There are gendered moral burdens in fertility preservation: suggesting fertility preservation for a post-pubertal male is qualitatively different than for a female of any age due to differences in invasiveness of procedures. — McGowan (opinion) [Ep 1 · 5:40](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=340)
- There is very little tracking of offspring of fertility treatments nationally, though data collection is increasingly starting for children born from in vitro fertilization. — McGowan (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 9:20](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=560)
- Connecticut recently changed its definition of infertility from 6-12 months of inability to conceive to anyone with medical necessity. — McGowan (guideline) [Ep 1 · 12:10](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=730)
- Some patients undergoing fertility preservation today are anticipated to keep tissues or cells in storage for 20 to 30 years, but there is no data on success rates for tissues stored that long. — McGowan (clinical) [Ep 1 · 13:40](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=820)
- There are no clear national guidelines on disposition of gametes for reproductive purposes after patient death, and court decisions on posthumous reproduction vary widely by state. — McGowan (guideline) [Ep 1 · 15:20](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=920)
- In pediatric decision-making, there is a gradation of consent: informed consent (typically age 18+), pediatric assent (typically ages 11-13), and best-interest standard for younger or less mature patients. — McGowan (guideline) [Ep 1 · 17:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=1020)
- Embryo cryopreservation has a 33-52% success rate. — McGowan (clinical) [Ep 1 · 19:10](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=1150)
- Oocyte cryopreservation transitioned from experimental to established standard of care in the last five years (prior to this discussion), so success rates are not as well established as for embryo cryopreservation. — McGowan (clinical) [Ep 1 · 19:20](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=1160)
- Testicular tissue cryopreservation currently has no live birth rates in humans. — McGowan (clinical) [Ep 1 · 20:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=1200)
- Fair equality of opportunity theory argues that fertility preservation ought to be made equally available to all who could benefit, requiring changes to institutional and societal practices around healthcare access. — McGowan (opinion) [Ep 1 · 21:20](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=1280)
- Reproductive justice scholars describe 'stratified reproduction' as distribution between haves and have-nots in reproductive terms; assisted reproduction is already stratified by privilege. — McGowan (opinion) [Ep 1 · 22:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=1320)
- A hub-and-spoke model is proposed where large centers with fertility preservation programs provide consultation and resources to smaller centers, with patients traveling to the hub for experimental procedures requiring specialized expertise. — Hefkin (opinion) [Ep 1 · 23:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=1380)
- Most adult gynecologists are comfortable doing adolescent gynecology, but the discomfort comes with how young a patient they are comfortable operating on; ovarian tissue cryopreservation may require oophorectomy on a 1-2 month old infant. — Hefkin (clinical) [Ep 1 · 25:22](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=1522)
- The American Society for Reproductive Medicine removed the experimental designation from oocyte cryopreservation in 2012, marking a landmark shift in the field. — McGowan (guideline) [Ep 1 · 30:50](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=1850)
- Embryo cryopreservation is impractical for most pediatric patients and many young adults (18-25) because the average age of first birth in the US is increasing and people are partnering later. — McGowan (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 30:20](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=1820)
- Cincinnati Children's has sent 2-3 patients under 16 years old for oocyte cryopreservation pre-treatment to the University of Cincinnati REI group, not under an IRB protocol. (clinical) [Ep 1 · 30:09](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=1809)
- The biggest thing that is important in doing a fertility preservation program is having a collaboration of multidisciplinary providers from both the medical and surgical aspects of the patient's care including oncology, surgical aspects, and primary care physicians. — Hefkin (opinion) [Ep 2 · 0:22](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=22)
- Ancillary care team members including care managers from oncology, patient navigators from the fertility team, social work, psychology, genetics, and ethicists help optimize decision making and final outcomes. — Hefkin (clinical) [Ep 2 · 1:20](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=80)
- The fertility navigator role is one of the most important steps in the consultation workflow. — Hefkin (opinion) [Ep 2 · 3:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=180)
- Two oncologists work as part of the fertility preservation program and perform risk assessments instead of the primary oncologist. — Hefkin (clinical) [Ep 2 · 3:40](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=220)
- The oncologist on the fertility team provides risk assessment information to either the gynecologist or urologist depending on whether the consultation is for a male or female patient. — Hefkin (clinical) [Ep 2 · 4:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=240)
- Research coordinators assist with experimental fertility preservation techniques. — Hefkin (clinical) [Ep 2 · 5:20](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=320)
- The program has a motto that every patient should receive a fertility preservation consultation regardless of their risk. — Hefkin (guideline) [Ep 2 · 6:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=360)
- Families need to understand why different patients receive different fertility preservation options, which may be due to differences in risk or age. — Hefkin (clinical) [Ep 2 · 6:20](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=380)
- Patient decision aids and shared decision-making tools guide families through the decision-making process by explaining available options, time frames, risks and benefits, and costs of different procedures. — Hefkin (clinical) [Ep 2 · 7:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=420)
- The shared decision-making tools include considerations such as ethical considerations, religious considerations, genetics, and social services. — Hefkin (clinical) [Ep 2 · 7:30](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=450)
- The shared decision-making tools are available for use at other centers. — Hefkin (clinical) [Ep 2 · 7:50](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=470)
- Educational videos provide a brief introduction to fertility preservation that families can watch prior to consultation. — Hefkin (clinical) [Ep 2 · 8:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=480)
- The program has a dedicated website not housed in any of the participating disciplines where patients, families, and providers can find information about the program and how to consult the team. — Hefkin (clinical) [Ep 2 · 10:05](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=605)
- No one recognizes they have implicit bias, and everyone has it to different degrees about different groups. — Mary Brandt (opinion) [Ep 4 · 4:50](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=290)
- Every woman in surgery or medicine has experienced implicit bias, and colleagues from underrepresented minorities or with gender differences experience it even more profoundly. — Mary Brandt (opinion) [Ep 4 · 6:04](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=364)
- Microaggressions are 'very tiny paper cuts'—not blatant prejudice but repeated small insults like men talking over women or minorities, 'mansplaining,' and the 'he-peat' (a woman's idea ignored until a man repeats it). — Mary Brandt (clinical) [Ep 4 · 7:55](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=475)
- People in dominant positions (not those experiencing microaggressions) are responsible for calling out bias when they notice it. — Mary Brandt (opinion) [Ep 4 · 9:10](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=550)
- Implicit bias testing at Hopkins in 2005-2006 demonstrated that people can have bias based simply on group affiliation (Hopkins vs. Harvard) and that white preference exists because white individuals get more recognition and opportunities. — Julie Freischlag (epidemiological) [Ep 4 · 10:05](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=605)
- All search committees at Wake Forest now must go through implicit bias testing and examination before making hiring decisions. — Julie Freischlag (guideline) [Ep 4 · 12:10](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=730)
- Unconscious biases are associations, likes, or dislikes occurring outside of awareness and control, and can influence decision-making so that even pure-hearted, egalitarian people may treat patients differently based on gender, race, age, height, or weight. — Quinn Capers IV (clinical) [Ep 4 · 12:44](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=764)
- There is data that physicians, when they see an underrepresented minority, make an unconscious association with medical noncompliance. — Quinn Capers IV (epidemiological) [Ep 4 · 16:10](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=970)
- If you are in a dominant group (white, male, Protestant, cisgender), you never have to think about your social identity because you've had all the privilege and social power associated with it—the 'fish in water' analogy. — Mary Brandt (opinion) [Ep 4 · 17:50](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=1070)
- There is not a single person who doesn't have implicit bias; it's a matter of recognizing it and deciding what to do about it. — Mary Brandt (opinion) [Ep 4 · 19:10](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=1150)
- To diversify panels, one should be intentional: start with excellence as the criterion, then actively seek recommendations from colleagues outside one's immediate network, ask trainees whom they admire, and reach out via email or text. — Quinn Capers IV (guideline) [Ep 4 · 25:01](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=1501)
- When choosing panelists, people typically default to 'who do I know' or 'who are my buddies' rather than systematically identifying the most qualified experts, which perpetuates bias. — Quinn Capers IV (opinion) [Ep 4 · 25:50](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=1550)
- After mandatory implicit bias training for the admissions committee at Ohio State, the college admitted the most diverse class in its history the very next cycle. — Quinn Capers IV (epidemiological) [Ep 4 · 39:40](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=2380)
- One should replace shame about implicit bias test results with surprise and action, recognizing that bias stems from upbringing, community, and media exposure—not personal moral failure. — Julie Freischlag (opinion) [Ep 4 · 28:18](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=1698)
- Appreciative inquiry—asking questions and listening to understand others' experiences—is a key strategy for overcoming implicit bias. — Julie Freischlag (guideline) [Ep 4 · 29:40](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=1780)
- The book 'White Fragility' by Robin DiAngelo explains how people, especially white people, often respond defensively or irrationally when confronted about race, and helps readers understand their responsibility to respond appropriately. — Mary Brandt (guideline) [Ep 4 · 32:30](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=1950)
- Addressing implicit bias is a journey that will make you extremely uncomfortable, and when you get uncomfortable, that means you're making progress. — Mary Brandt (opinion) [Ep 4 · 32:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=1920)
- Research-proven strategy: find common group identities with patients or interviewees (first-born child, grew up on a farm, sports fan, etc.) because discovering shared group membership reduces unconscious bias. — Quinn Capers IV (clinical) [Ep 4 · 35:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=2100)
- Perspective-taking—imagining what a patient went through to get to the appointment (parking, time off work, arranging childcare)—develops empathy, and empathy actively opposes unconscious bias. — Quinn Capers IV (clinical) [Ep 4 · 36:20](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=2180)
- 'Consider the opposite' strategy: before making a decision based on data, force yourself to review the data again looking for evidence supporting the opposite conclusion, which blunts the impact of unconscious bias. — Quinn Capers IV (clinical) [Ep 4 · 48:20](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=2900)
- Unconscious bias is most likely to 'drive the bus' during times of high cognitive load, time pressure, and sleep deprivation—conditions familiar to all physicians. — Quinn Capers IV (clinical) [Ep 4 · 46:51](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=2811)
- In a wrestling match between your conscious mind and your unconscious mind, your conscious mind will win every time—so knowing your biases and when you're at highest risk allows you to overcome them. — Quinn Capers IV (opinion) [Ep 4 · 46:20](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=2780)
- Implicit bias tests should not be used to screen people out of jobs or committees because unconscious associations reflect years of stimuli, not conscious intent; instead, use them to guide education and professional development. — Quinn Capers IV (guideline) [Ep 4 · 50:50](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=3050)
- True leaders now want to listen, understand, and help when trainees or colleagues raise concerns about bias or discrimination. — Julie Freischlag (opinion) [Ep 4 · 53:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=3180)
- There is nothing radical about trying to do the right thing regarding inclusion; if someone views you as radical for teaching about implicit bias, they are in a small percentage who can't hear you, and you should politely walk away. — Mary Brandt (opinion) [Ep 4 · 54:30](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=3270)
- It is powerful and important to have white males publicly support diversity and inclusion initiatives, as their voices carry weight in changing institutional culture. — Julie Freischlag (opinion) [Ep 4 · 57:27](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=3447)
- Health literacy is defined as the degree to which an individual has the capacity to obtain, communicate, process, and understand basic health information and services to make appropriate health decisions. — Connie Chow (clinical) [Ep 5 · 0:24](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/best-of-the-best-gen-surg-limited-health-literacy-is-associated-with-reduced-adh-5860?t=24)
- Health literacy is modifiable and health literacy-based interventions have been shown to improve outcomes and patient experience. — Connie Chow (clinical) [Ep 5 · 0:24](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/best-of-the-best-gen-surg-limited-health-literacy-is-associated-with-reduced-adh-5860?t=24)
- Patients with lower health literacy are more likely to have higher health care costs, higher rates of hospital and emergency room visits, and higher mortality rates. — Connie Chow (epidemiological) [Ep 5 · 0:24](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/best-of-the-best-gen-surg-limited-health-literacy-is-associated-with-reduced-adh-5860?t=24)
- Patients with lower health literacy are less likely to follow treatment plans. — Connie Chow (clinical) [Ep 5 · 0:24](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/best-of-the-best-gen-surg-limited-health-literacy-is-associated-with-reduced-adh-5860?t=24)
- The presenter's group previously showed that limited health literacy is associated with increased complications compared to patients with higher health literacy. — Connie Chow (clinical) [Ep 5 · 0:24](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/best-of-the-best-gen-surg-limited-health-literacy-is-associated-with-reduced-adh-5860?t=24)
- Many studies have shown that increased adherence to components of enhanced recovery is associated with improved postoperative outcomes. — Connie Chow (clinical) [Ep 5 · 0:24](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/best-of-the-best-gen-surg-limited-health-literacy-is-associated-with-reduced-adh-5860?t=24)
- The study was a retrospective cohort study from December 2018 to November 2021 of elective inpatient colorectal surgeries tracked by the institutional ACS NSQIP database. — Connie Chow (clinical) [Ep 5 · 0:24](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/best-of-the-best-gen-surg-limited-health-literacy-is-associated-with-reduced-adh-5860?t=24)
- Seven ERP adherence variables were extracted from the NSQIP database and cross-referenced with a health literacy database that tracked patients' brief health literacy scores measured in clinic. — Connie Chow (clinical) [Ep 5 · 0:24](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/best-of-the-best-gen-surg-limited-health-literacy-is-associated-with-reduced-adh-5860?t=24)
- In the study cohort, patients on average were about 56 years old, about 70% white, a quarter black, majority female, with mean BMI of about 30. — Connie Chow (epidemiological) [Ep 5 · 0:24](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/best-of-the-best-gen-surg-limited-health-literacy-is-associated-with-reduced-adh-5860?t=24)
- In the study cohort, 12% had a surgical site infection within 30 days of surgery, average length of stay was about 5.5 days, and about 10% of patients were readmitted within 30 days. — Connie Chow (epidemiological) [Ep 5 · 0:24](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/best-of-the-best-gen-surg-limited-health-literacy-is-associated-with-reduced-adh-5860?t=24)
- Only two factors were associated with increased ERP adherence: increased health literacy and a diagnosis of cancer. — Connie Chow (clinical) [Ep 5 · 0:24](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/best-of-the-best-gen-surg-limited-health-literacy-is-associated-with-reduced-adh-5860?t=24)
- There is a direct linear correlation between increased health literacy score and increased percent adherence to the seven components of ERP that were tracked. — Connie Chow (clinical) [Ep 5 · 0:24](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/best-of-the-best-gen-surg-limited-health-literacy-is-associated-with-reduced-adh-5860?t=24)
- Black race, case duration, ostomy placement, and the diagnosis of IBD are associated with increased length of stay. — Connie Chow (clinical) [Ep 5 · 0:24](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/best-of-the-best-gen-surg-limited-health-literacy-is-associated-with-reduced-adh-5860?t=24)
- The only protective factor for decreased length of stay was adherence to the different components of enhanced recovery. — Connie Chow (clinical) [Ep 5 · 0:24](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/best-of-the-best-gen-surg-limited-health-literacy-is-associated-with-reduced-adh-5860?t=24)
- Higher health literacy is independently associated with greater ERP adherence. — Connie Chow (clinical) [Ep 5 · 0:24](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/best-of-the-best-gen-surg-limited-health-literacy-is-associated-with-reduced-adh-5860?t=24)
- Enhanced recovery at UAB has been a big deal for the last decade, with initial great uptake in teaching among nurses and successful closing of the gap in disparities in care between black and white patients. — Connie Chow (clinical) [Ep 5 · 6:43](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/best-of-the-best-gen-surg-limited-health-literacy-is-associated-with-reduced-adh-5860?t=403)
- Travel nurses are not as well trained in enhanced recovery because they are not from the institution and travel to many different institutions. — Connie Chow (opinion) [Ep 5 · 6:43](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/best-of-the-best-gen-surg-limited-health-literacy-is-associated-with-reduced-adh-5860?t=403)
- Google's DeepMind AlphaFold is solving one of biology's biggest puzzles by predicting protein structures, helping researchers develop new treatments faster. — Rami Shaaban (clinical) [Ep 11 · 0:33](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-ramy-shaaban-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10052?t=33)
- IBM Watson Health analyzes complex patient data to assist doctors in making better decisions. — Rami Shaaban (clinical) [Ep 11 · 0:33](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-ramy-shaaban-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10052?t=33)
- AI technologies are not replacing doctors; they are giving them superpowers by accelerating drug discovery, personalizing treatment, and handling administrative tasks more effectively. — Rami Shaaban (opinion) [Ep 11 · 0:33](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-ramy-shaaban-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10052?t=33)
- Large language models like OpenAI's ChatGPT are changing the way medical professionals access information, providing real-time evidence-based insights, summarizing medical literature, and offering diagnostic suggestions. — Rami Shaaban (clinical) [Ep 11 · 0:33](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-ramy-shaaban-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10052?t=33)
- ChatGPT is already being used to assist in clinical decision making, ensuring clinicians have the right information at their fingertips when they need it. — Rami Shaaban (clinical) [Ep 11 · 0:33](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-ramy-shaaban-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10052?t=33)
- Machine learning is already being used in diagnostic imaging, helping doctors detect diseases like cancer earlier and more accurately. — Rami Shaaban (clinical) [Ep 11 · 0:33](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-ramy-shaaban-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10052?t=33)
- Predictive analytics using machine learning helps forecast health risks, allowing doctors to intervene before problems become severe, resulting in better and more customized care for patients. — Rami Shaaban (clinical) [Ep 11 · 0:33](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-ramy-shaaban-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10052?t=33)
- Key ethical questions for AI in healthcare include how to protect patient privacy, ensure AI decisions are fair and unbiased, and keep the human touch in medicine. — Rami Shaaban (opinion) [Ep 11 · 0:33](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-ramy-shaaban-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10052?t=33)
- AI is a tool, not a replacement for human expertise; continuous education and responsible implementation are key to making AI work for everyone. — Rami Shaaban (opinion) [Ep 11 · 0:33](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-ramy-shaaban-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10052?t=33)
- Prompt engineering is a rising field; doctors need to understand how to accurately prompt AI to get the best results, treating AI as an assistive tool instead of a competitor. — Rami Shaaban (opinion) [Ep 11 · 0:33](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-ramy-shaaban-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10052?t=33)
- Generative AI can create content including text, images, audio, and video; tools like ChatGPT, DALL-E, and others are opening new doors in medical education, research, and patient engagement. — Rami Shaaban (clinical) [Ep 11 · 0:33](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-ramy-shaaban-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10052?t=33)
- The goal of generative AI is not to replace healthcare professionals but to support them as a brainstorming partner, helping generate ideas and solutions faster. — Rami Shaaban (opinion) [Ep 11 · 0:33](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-ramy-shaaban-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10052?t=33)
- AI is not here to replace doctors; it is here to assist by processing vast amounts of data in seconds, suggesting diagnoses, summarizing research, and streamlining workflow. — Rami Shaaban (opinion) [Ep 11 · 0:33](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-ramy-shaaban-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10052?t=33)
- Medicine is about human connection, listening, empathizing, and making complex decisions that require experience and intuition; AI works best when paired with human expertise. — Rami Shaaban (opinion) [Ep 11 · 0:33](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-ramy-shaaban-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10052?t=33)
- AI is streamlining administrative tasks like clinical documentation; AI can generate patient summaries instantly, saving hours of paperwork and giving healthcare professionals more time to focus on patient care. — Rami Shaaban (clinical) [Ep 11 · 0:33](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-ramy-shaaban-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10052?t=33)
- AI, machine learning, and large language models are transforming healthcare by improving diagnosis, personalizing treatment, and making the system more efficient, but they are here to assist, not replace human expertise. — Rami Shaaban (opinion) [Ep 11 · 0:33](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-ramy-shaaban-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10052?t=33)
- The future of medicine is a collaboration between humans and technology, not just AI-driven. — Rami Shaaban (opinion) [Ep 11 · 0:33](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-ramy-shaaban-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10052?t=33)
- It is becoming harder to differentiate between AI-generated and human-generated content because AI is getting better. — Rami Shaaban (opinion) [Ep 11 · 6:59](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-ramy-shaaban-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10052?t=419)
- When creating AI-generated content and dealing with patient information, it is very important to use local generative AI models instead of large language models that share information externally. — Rami Shaaban (opinion) [Ep 11 · 6:59](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-ramy-shaaban-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10052?t=419)
- Disclosing the AI platform being used and ensuring local data handling are potential solutions to authenticity and security concerns. — Rami Shaaban (opinion) [Ep 11 · 6:59](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-ramy-shaaban-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10052?t=419)
- Dr. Shaaban's team at Utah State University is creating a virtual patient connected to generative AI, using local generative AI fed with virtual cases to make the patient act as if they have a medical condition, then injecting that into virtual reality. — Rami Shaaban (clinical) [Ep 11 · 6:59](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-ramy-shaaban-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10052?t=419)
- Google's DeepMind AlphaFold is solving protein structure prediction, helping researchers develop new treatments faster. — Ramy Shaaban (clinical) [Ep 10 · 0:35](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-timothy-b-lautz-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10043?t=35)
- IBM Watson Health analyzes complex patient data to assist doctors in making better decisions. — Ramy Shaaban (clinical) [Ep 10 · 0:35](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-timothy-b-lautz-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10043?t=35)
- AI technologies are not replacing doctors, they are giving them superpowers, accelerating drug discovery, personalizing treatment and handling administrative tasks more effectively. — Ramy Shaaban (opinion) [Ep 10 · 0:35](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-timothy-b-lautz-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10043?t=35)
- ChatGPT is already being used to assist in decision making and ensuring clinicians have the right information at their fingertips when they need it. — Ramy Shaaban (clinical) [Ep 10 · 0:35](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-timothy-b-lautz-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10043?t=35)
- Machine learning is already being used in diagnostic imaging, helping doctors detect diseases like cancer earlier and more accurately. — Ramy Shaaban (clinical) [Ep 10 · 0:35](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-timothy-b-lautz-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10043?t=35)
- Predictive analytics using machine learning helps forecast health risks, allowing doctors to intervene before problems become severe. — Ramy Shaaban (clinical) [Ep 10 · 0:35](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-timothy-b-lautz-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10043?t=35)
- Artificial intelligence is a tool, not a replacement for human expertise. — Ramy Shaaban (opinion) [Ep 10 · 0:35](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-timothy-b-lautz-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10043?t=35)
- Prompt engineering is a rising field; doctors need to understand how to accurately prompt AI to get the best results. — Ramy Shaaban (opinion) [Ep 10 · 0:35](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-timothy-b-lautz-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10043?t=35)
- Generative AI can create content including text, images, audio and video, opening new doors to medical education, research and patient engagement. — Ramy Shaaban (clinical) [Ep 10 · 0:35](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-timothy-b-lautz-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10043?t=35)
- AI is not here to replace doctors but to assist them, working best when paired with human experts. — Ramy Shaaban (opinion) [Ep 10 · 0:35](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-timothy-b-lautz-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10043?t=35)
- Medicine is about human connection, listening, empathizing and making complex decisions that require experience and intuition. — Ramy Shaaban (opinion) [Ep 10 · 0:35](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-timothy-b-lautz-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10043?t=35)
- AI is streamlining administrative tasks like clinical documentation, with AI able to generate patient summaries instantly, saving hours of paperwork. — Ramy Shaaban (clinical) [Ep 10 · 0:35](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-timothy-b-lautz-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10043?t=35)
- When creating AI content and dealing with patient information, it is very important to use local generative AI models instead of large language models that share information externally. (guideline) [Ep 10 · 8:17](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-timothy-b-lautz-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10043?t=497)
- The platform being used for AI should be disclosed when creating AI-generated content. (guideline) [Ep 10 · 8:17](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-timothy-b-lautz-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10043?t=497)
- At USU, a team is creating a virtual patient connected to generative AI using local generative AI, feeding the virtual patient with virtual cases to make the patient act like they have that medical case, then injecting that into virtual reality. (clinical) [Ep 10 · 8:17](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-timothy-b-lautz-best-of-the-best-in-pediatric-surgery-2025-10043?t=497)
- Single-visit surgery decreases the amount of time families take off work to come to clinic and makes surgeon time more efficient. — Ray (opinion) [Ep 3 · 2:17](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/jps-journal-club-june-2019-1541?t=137)
- Basil Morrison in England was marking the tips of polyps with India ink to track polyp behavior over time. — Jeffrey L. Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 13 · 6:47](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/acs-icons-in-surgery-jeffrey-l-ponsky-md-facs-13682?t=407)
- In 1975, Ponsky injected pelican India ink at the base of polypectomy sites so surgeons could identify the location if pathology returned malignant. The injection needle cost $160 from Olympus. — Jeffrey L. Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 13 · 7:01](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/acs-icons-in-surgery-jeffrey-l-ponsky-md-facs-13682?t=421)
- Endoscopic marking of colonic lesions with India ink remains useful in the laparoscopic era when surgeons cannot palpate the colon. — Jeffrey L. Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 13 · 7:28](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/acs-icons-in-surgery-jeffrey-l-ponsky-md-facs-13682?t=448)
- In the mid-1970s, gastroenterologists at Mount Sinai Hospital could not routinely reach the cecum during colonoscopy because long scopes had not yet been invented. — Jeffrey L. Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 13 · 6:15](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/acs-icons-in-surgery-jeffrey-l-ponsky-md-facs-13682?t=375)
- The first endoscope Ponsky owned (purchased late 1974) was kept in his car trunk and cleaned with green soap before use. — Jeffrey L. Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 13 · 8:48](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/acs-icons-in-surgery-jeffrey-l-ponsky-md-facs-13682?t=528)
- While scoping pediatric patients with Michael Gauer, Ponsky observed transillumination of the abdominal wall and finger indentation visible through the endoscope, which led to development of the PEG procedure. — Jeffrey L. Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 13 · 9:06](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/acs-icons-in-surgery-jeffrey-l-ponsky-md-facs-13682?t=546)
- Jacques Perrisat presented a video on laparoscopic cholecystectomy at a SAGES meeting in Louisville, Kentucky in 1989, igniting widespread adoption. — Jeffrey L. Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 13 · 10:44](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/acs-icons-in-surgery-jeffrey-l-ponsky-md-facs-13682?t=644)
- After Perrisat's 1989 demonstration, Ponsky's Mount Sinai laboratory conducted train-the-trainers courses for surgeons at major hospitals. — Jeffrey L. Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 13 · 10:57](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/acs-icons-in-surgery-jeffrey-l-ponsky-md-facs-13682?t=657)
- The American Board of Surgery invited SAGES to nominate three candidates for a board director position representing minimally invasive surgery; Ponsky was selected and later became chairman. — Jeffrey L. Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 13 · 12:01](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/acs-icons-in-surgery-jeffrey-l-ponsky-md-facs-13682?t=721)
- As American Board of Surgery chairman, Ponsky contributed to developing minimally invasive surgery curricula, board examination questions, and endoscopy training requirements for surgical residents. — Jeffrey L. Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 13 · 12:42](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/acs-icons-in-surgery-jeffrey-l-ponsky-md-facs-13682?t=762)
- Ponsky trained 35 endoscopic surgery fellows, many of whom became SAGES presidents and leaders in the American Board of Surgery. — Jeffrey L. Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 13 · 13:54](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/acs-icons-in-surgery-jeffrey-l-ponsky-md-facs-13682?t=834)
- Ponsky's surgical philosophy: the endoscope is a vehicle (like a car or bus) that transports surgeons to operative sites for procedures such as POEM, POP, Zenker's repair, and NOTES, not merely a tool for mucosal inspection. — Jeffrey L. Ponsky (opinion) [Ep 13 · 19:11](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/acs-icons-in-surgery-jeffrey-l-ponsky-md-facs-13682?t=1151)
- In 1998, Ponsky welcomed a fellow (spk_4) to Cleveland Clinic staff, aligning their clinic and operative schedules so Ponsky was 30 feet away for clinical or intraoperative questions. (clinical) [Ep 13 · 16:48](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/acs-icons-in-surgery-jeffrey-l-ponsky-md-facs-13682?t=1008)
- In the United States, up to 24% of employers offer some sort of sabbatical. — Lee Ponsky (epidemiological) [Ep 12 · 1:12](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/off-the-grid-how-i-got-off-the-grid-you-can-too-lee-ponsky-tedxcle-13653?t=72)
- The speaker is a cancer surgeon who sees patients facing terminal illness daily. — Lee Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 12 · 2:33](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/off-the-grid-how-i-got-off-the-grid-you-can-too-lee-ponsky-tedxcle-13653?t=153)
- Patients frequently express regret about things they did not do when facing serious illness. — Lee Ponsky (opinion) [Ep 12 · 2:52](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/off-the-grid-how-i-got-off-the-grid-you-can-too-lee-ponsky-tedxcle-13653?t=172)
- The speaker's father-in-law was diagnosed with cancer in 1998, told he had 3 months to live, but survived 13 years. — Lee Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 12 · 8:32](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/off-the-grid-how-i-got-off-the-grid-you-can-too-lee-ponsky-tedxcle-13653?t=512)
- The speaker found a job in Australia doing innovative research on MRI imaging of the prostate, which changed the way he practices medicine and manages patients. — Lee Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 12 · 17:23](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/off-the-grid-how-i-got-off-the-grid-you-can-too-lee-ponsky-tedxcle-13653?t=1043)
- Netflix wanted to hire an AI specialist for a million dollars a year salary — Rami Shaman (epidemiological) [Ep 7 · 3:31](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=211)
- AI is replacing people who don't know how to use AI with people who know how to use AI — Rami Shaman (opinion) [Ep 7 · 3:42](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=222)
- ChatGPT is much better than Google for information retrieval — Todd Ponsky (opinion) [Ep 7 · 18:35](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=1115)
- Todd Ponsky uses ChatGPT 15 times a day — Todd Ponsky (epidemiological) [Ep 7 · 18:46](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=1126)
- Todd Ponsky has not personally written a letter of recommendation in the last 3 months, using ChatGPT instead by uploading CVs and personal statements — Todd Ponsky (epidemiological) [Ep 7 · 20:51](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=1251)
- Free online filters exist that can detect with a certain amount of certainty whether text is AI-created (clinical) [Ep 7 · 28:39](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=1719)
- Colleges know that students are using ChatGPT to write their college essays — Todd Ponsky (epidemiological) [Ep 7 · 29:08](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=1748)
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital can now create videos of every faculty member teaching a topic using deep fake technology with their voice and likeness, without the faculty member doing anything — Todd Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 7 · 31:48](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=1908)
- Cincinnati Children's has a membership for Wysa mental health chatbot that employees can access with their work email address — Rami Shaman (clinical) [Ep 7 · 34:03](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=2043)

## Host summaries
Recaps by a host of what the experts said — not the host's own clinical position.
- The systematic review aimed to highlight outcomes of cryopreservation in pediatric female patients with cancer — Cecilia Gigena summarizing a resource [Ep 8 · 0:11](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/female-fertility-cryopreservation-outcomes-in-childhood-cancer-a-systematic-revi-8647?t=11)
- The review included 12 studies with 612 patients total — Cecilia Gigena summarizing a resource [Ep 8 · 0:20](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/female-fertility-cryopreservation-outcomes-in-childhood-cancer-a-systematic-revi-8647?t=20)
- 501 patients underwent ovarian tissue cryopreservation — Cecilia Gigena summarizing a resource [Ep 8 · 0:26](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/female-fertility-cryopreservation-outcomes-in-childhood-cancer-a-systematic-revi-8647?t=26)
- Only 30 of the 501 patients received ovarian tissue transplantation — Cecilia Gigena summarizing a resource [Ep 8 · 0:31](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/female-fertility-cryopreservation-outcomes-in-childhood-cancer-a-systematic-revi-8647?t=31)
- Of the 30 patients who received transplantation, 9 got pregnant — Cecilia Gigena summarizing a resource [Ep 8 · 0:36](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/female-fertility-cryopreservation-outcomes-in-childhood-cancer-a-systematic-revi-8647?t=36)
- Only 6 of the 9 pregnancies resulted in live birth — Cecilia Gigena summarizing a resource [Ep 8 · 0:40](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/female-fertility-cryopreservation-outcomes-in-childhood-cancer-a-systematic-revi-8647?t=40)
- More high quality studies are needed to understand cryopreservation better and improve its outcomes — Cecilia Gigena summarizing a resource [Ep 8 · 0:43](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/female-fertility-cryopreservation-outcomes-in-childhood-cancer-a-systematic-revi-8647?t=43)
- In the audience poll, 67% of respondents said their institution provides services for male patients at risk of fertility loss due to cancer treatment. — The host summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 28:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=1680)
- In the audience poll, 40% of respondents said their institution provides testicular tissue cryopreservation for prepubertal children. — The host summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 28:40](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=1720)
- In the audience poll regarding oocyte cryopreservation in children under 16: 75% do not offer it, 15.4% offer it with IRB approval, and 7.7% offer it without IRB approval. — The host summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 29:20](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ethical-considerations-in-pediatric-fertility-preservation-pediatric-901?t=1760)
- The body's sperm and egg cells are vulnerable to cancer treatment. — Hefkin summarizing a resource [Ep 2 · 8:20](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=500)
- Most people start from birth with the ability to have children. — Hefkin summarizing a resource [Ep 2 · 8:40](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=520)
- The fertility preservation team consists of a fertility navigator, a pediatric oncologist, a pediatric gynecologist for girls, or urologist for boys. — Hefkin summarizing a resource [Ep 2 · 8:50](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=530)
- For young children, the choice to undergo fertility preservation lies with the parent or guardian, but teenagers and young adults can help make the decision after learning all the facts. — Hefkin summarizing a resource [Ep 2 · 9:05](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=545)
- Four factors determine procedure options and risk of infertility: chemotherapy type and dose, patient age, timing of cancer therapy, and patient sex. — Hefkin summarizing a resource [Ep 2 · 9:20](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=560)
- As patients get older, their risk of infertility increases, and there are more procedure options once a patient has gone through puberty. — Hefkin summarizing a resource [Ep 2 · 9:35](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=575)
- For boys, fertility preservation options include freezing sperm cells or testicular tissue; for girls, options include freezing eggs, embryos, or ovarian tissue. — Hefkin summarizing a resource [Ep 2 · 9:45](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=585)
- Cryopreservation is the process of freezing cells at an extremely cold temperature, and the cells can be stored for up to years at a time until they are needed. — Hefkin summarizing a resource [Ep 2 · 9:55](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/keys-to-building-a-successful-interdisciplinary-program-creating-the-903?t=595)
- Implicit bias is defined by the Kerwin Institute at Ohio State as 'the attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions and decisions in an unconscious manner.' — Mary Brandt summarizes what Dr. Julie Freischlag said [Ep 4 · 4:16](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=256)
- A study showed that in a diverse group of doctors, minority children were consistently given less pain medicine than white children, with no reason to explain that except implicit bias and stereotypes. — Mary Brandt summarizes what Dr. Julie Freischlag said [Ep 4 · 5:10](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=310)
- Social identity is the portion of an individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social group (gender, sexual orientation, race, religion, etc.). — Mary Brandt summarizes what Dr. Julie Freischlag said [Ep 4 · 17:09](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=1029)
- In business, diverse and inclusive teams make more money, make more progress, and attract more participants; a panel of purely white males will have fewer listeners and less credibility. — Julie Freischlag summarizes what Dr. Mary Brandt said [Ep 4 · 22:20](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/unconscious-bias-1300?t=1340)
- Machine learning in healthcare allows prediction of a future where data, analysis and innovation work together to help patients without them realizing it. — Em Tombash summarizing a resource [Ep 6 · 1:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/machine-learning-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-8-pa-5873?t=60)
- One of the biggest uses of machine learning in healthcare is the identification and diagnosis of diseases which are otherwise considered hard to diagnose. — Em Tombash summarizing a resource [Ep 6 · 1:20](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/machine-learning-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-8-pa-5873?t=80)
- Machine learning can identify and diagnose cancers which are tough to catch during the initial stages. — Em Tombash summarizing a resource [Ep 6 · 1:40](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/machine-learning-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-8-pa-5873?t=100)
- Machine learning can identify and diagnose genetic diseases. — Em Tombash summarizing a resource [Ep 6 · 1:40](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/machine-learning-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-8-pa-5873?t=100)
- IBM Watson Genomics integrates cognitive computing with genome-based tumor sequencing to help make fast diagnosis. — Em Tombash summarizing a resource [Ep 6 · 2:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/machine-learning-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-8-pa-5873?t=120)
- Computer Vision technology uses both machine learning and deep learning. — Em Tombash summarizing a resource [Ep 6 · 2:25](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/machine-learning-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-8-pa-5873?t=145)
- Microsoft's InnerEye initiative uses Computer Vision for image diagnostic tools and image analysis. — Em Tombash summarizing a resource [Ep 6 · 2:40](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/machine-learning-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-8-pa-5873?t=160)
- A primary clinical application of machine learning lies in the early stage drug discovery process. — Em Tombash summarizing a resource [Ep 6 · 3:15](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/machine-learning-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-8-pa-5873?t=195)
- Microsoft's Project Hanover uses machine learning based technologies for developing AI based technology for cancer treatment. — Em Tombash summarizing a resource [Ep 6 · 3:30](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/machine-learning-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-8-pa-5873?t=210)
- Microsoft's Project Hanover uses machine learning for personalizing drug combinations for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). — Em Tombash summarizing a resource [Ep 6 · 3:50](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/machine-learning-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-8-pa-5873?t=230)
- Personalized treatments are more effective by pairing individual health with predictive analytics. — Em Tombash summarizing a resource [Ep 6 · 4:20](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/machine-learning-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-8-pa-5873?t=260)
- Personalized treatments are helpful for further research and better disease assessment. — Em Tombash summarizing a resource [Ep 6 · 4:35](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/machine-learning-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-8-pa-5873?t=275)
- IBM Watson Oncology leverages patient medical history to help generate multiple treatment options. — Em Tombash summarizing a resource [Ep 6 · 4:45](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/machine-learning-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-8-pa-5873?t=285)
- The study combined enhanced recovery protocols after colorectal and upper GI surgery with opioid reduction. — The host summarizing the discussion [Ep 3 · 0:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/jps-journal-club-june-2019-1541?t=0)
- The study was a follow-up to a previous enhanced recovery protocol study, but this time examined how ERPs affected the amount of opioids prescribed at discharge rather than just length of stay. — Alex summarizing the discussion [Ep 3 · 0:26](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/jps-journal-club-june-2019-1541?t=26)
- There was no component of the ERP protocol that specifically addressed discharge opiates. — Alex summarizing the discussion [Ep 3 · 0:26](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/jps-journal-club-june-2019-1541?t=26)
- There was a significant reduction in the amount of opioids prescribed for patients in the ERP pathways despite no specific discharge opioid protocol component. — Alex summarizing the discussion [Ep 3 · 0:26](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/jps-journal-club-june-2019-1541?t=26)
- The thyroidectomy study used the PHIS database and was retrospective. — Kasar summarizing the discussion [Ep 3 · 1:10](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/jps-journal-club-june-2019-1541?t=70)
- For total thyroidectomies, there is a statistically significant difference in outcomes between high-volume and low-volume surgeons and hospitals. — Kasar summarizing the discussion [Ep 3 · 1:10](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/jps-journal-club-june-2019-1541?t=70)
- Pediatric surgeons had better outcomes with fewer complications overall compared to pediatric ENTs for thyroidectomy. — Kasar summarizing the discussion [Ep 3 · 1:10](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/jps-journal-club-june-2019-1541?t=70)
- Pediatric surgeons had better outcomes than pediatric ENTs specifically for Graves disease and cancer thyroidectomy cases. — Kasar summarizing the discussion [Ep 3 · 1:10](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/jps-journal-club-june-2019-1541?t=70)
- The single-visit surgery study was conducted by Cunningham and Shaw out of Texas Children's Hospital. — Ray summarizing the discussion [Ep 3 · 2:17](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/jps-journal-club-june-2019-1541?t=137)
- Single-visit surgery involves seeing a patient in clinic and operating on them the same day, then sending them home. — Ray summarizing the discussion [Ep 3 · 2:17](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/jps-journal-club-june-2019-1541?t=137)
- Previous studies showed that families loved single-visit surgery. — Ray summarizing the discussion [Ep 3 · 2:17](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/jps-journal-club-june-2019-1541?t=137)
- The Texas Children's study examined whether single-visit surgery is financially beneficial. — Ray summarizing the discussion [Ep 3 · 2:17](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/jps-journal-club-june-2019-1541?t=137)
- Over approximately a year and a half, the single-visit surgery program achieved 100% reimbursement for procedures and 92% reimbursement for clinic visits. — Ray summarizing the discussion [Ep 3 · 2:17](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/jps-journal-club-june-2019-1541?t=137)
- A concern about single-visit surgery was that insurance may not approve it, potentially making it not financially beneficial for families despite increased convenience. — Ray summarizing the discussion [Ep 3 · 2:17](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/jps-journal-club-june-2019-1541?t=137)
- In single-visit surgery, patients come in the morning, are seen by the surgeon, and are pre-scheduled to have an operation in the afternoon assuming findings are as expected. — Ray summarizing the discussion [Ep 3 · 2:17](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/jps-journal-club-june-2019-1541?t=137)
- Dr. Ponsky served as director and chair of the American Board of Surgery, president of both ASGE and SAGES, and vice president of the American Surgical Association and SSAT. — The host summarizes what Dr. Jeffrey L. Ponsky said [Ep 13 · 14:36](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/acs-icons-in-surgery-jeffrey-l-ponsky-md-facs-13682?t=876)
- Ponsky's impact on surgical endoscopy has been foundational through academic advancement of technology and technique, mentorship, and leadership in professional organizations (ASGE, SAGES) to unite gastroenterology and surgery for patient benefit. — The host summarizes what Dr. Jeffrey L. Ponsky said [Ep 13 · 11:19](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/acs-icons-in-surgery-jeffrey-l-ponsky-md-facs-13682?t=679)
- Healthcare produces massive amounts of data through patient records, lab results, imaging, and more, which when digitized become the foundation of AI systems — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 6:01](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=361)
- AI algorithms can analyze radiology images to detect early signs of cancer or predict a patient's risk of developing certain diseases based on medical history — Rami Shaman summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 6:20](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=380)
- AI systems continually enhance effectiveness by feeding them more data and refining algorithms based on prediction accuracy feedback — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 6:38](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=398)
- AI can help with earlier disease detection, perfecting robotic surgery, administrative tasks, reducing human errors through diagnostic assistance, and personalized treatment recommendations based on genetic makeup and disease history — Rami Shaman summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 7:17](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=437)
- Google's DeepMind AlphaFold system predicts protein 3D structure from amino acid sequence with potential applications in understanding diseases and drug discovery — Rami Shaman summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 7:48](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=468)
- In the last 60 years, the scientific community has determined the structures of over 180,000 proteins in atomic detail using advanced experimental methods — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 8:01](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=481)
- Determining the exact structure of a protein remains an expensive and time-consuming process, meaning we only know the exact 3D structure of a tiny fraction of proteins known to science — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 8:19](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=499)
- AlphaFold Database provides open access to over 200 million structure predictions to accelerate scientific research — Rami Shaman summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 8:39](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=519)
- Machine learning algorithms can be trained on vast datasets of images to identify and diagnose diseases, detecting tumors in X-rays or MRIs often with greater accuracy than human experts — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 10:09](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=609)
- Zebra Medical Vision uses ML to analyze medical imaging and detect diseases in organs such as liver, cardiovascular, and lungs — Rami Shaman summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 10:32](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=632)
- Path AI concentrates on delivering more accurate diagnosis from pathology slides — Rami Shaman summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 10:41](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=641)
- Machine learning is instrumental in predictive analytics such as patient readmissions, potential outbreaks, patient no-shows, and adverse events — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 10:47](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=647)
- ML algorithms, particularly deep learning models, can process and analyze vast amounts of text including doctors' notes and extract valuable information — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 10:57](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=657)
- 23andMe employs machine learning to analyze genetic data and deliver personalized health insights — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 11:32](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=692)
- Tempus leverages ML to assist physicians in making more personalized treatment decisions, particularly for oncology patients — Rami Shaman summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 11:45](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=705)
- ML-powered chatbots and applications can provide 24/7 support to individuals experiencing stress, anxiety, depression, or other mental health concerns, offering coping strategies and resources as an interim solution when human therapists are not immediately available — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 12:00](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=720)
- Wysa provides emotional help by tracking mood, highlighting optimism, and reframing thinking in an approachable manner — Rami Shaman summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 12:28](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=748)
- Large language models can aid healthcare professionals by providing real-time evidence-based responses to clinical inquiries, scanning immense volumes of medical literature in seconds, summarizing findings, or suggesting diagnoses based on symptom descriptions — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 14:06](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=846)
- LLMs can automate documentation, assist in medical data entry, and respond to routine queries, freeing up valuable time for medical professionals — Rami Shaman summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 14:26](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=866)
- Glass AI leverages GPT-4 combined with evidence-based guidelines, schemas, and case studies created by clinicians to generate differential diagnoses or draft clinical plans based on submitted clinical problem representations — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 15:06](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=906)
- To use ChatGPT effectively, you must give it a role (e.g., 'you are a pediatric physician') before asking questions, a technique called prompt engineering — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 19:35](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=1175)
- Microsoft Co-Pilot can access a folder of presentations and papers to write content based solely on the user's own work without taking anything from outside sources — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 26:24](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=1584)
- Files uploaded to ChatGPT are completely secure with end-to-end encryption and do not go into the internet or cloud — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 28:12](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=1692)
- Microsoft Co-Pilot will be included in the next version of Microsoft Office within a couple of months — Em Gootee summarizing the discussion [Ep 7 · 33:23](https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/watch/disruptive-ai-technologies-transforming-healthcare-and-medical-education-7265?t=2003)

## Changelog
- Oct 3: 1 item added automatically
- Sep 27: 1 item added automatically
- Sep 26: 1 item added automatically
- Sep 24: 4 items added automatically
- Sep 17: 1 item added automatically
- Sep 16: 5 items added automatically

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Educational content from recorded physician discussions — not medical advice. Cite the canonical URL or the ?t= deep link. Policy: https://origin-library.globalcastmd.com/ai